Table 1.
General characteristics of study subjects
| Characteristic | Total | IMT (−) | IMT (+) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects | 186 | 110 | 76 | – |
| Age (years) | 67 (57–73) | 64 (53.75–71) | 70 (64.25–75) | 0.000* |
| Sex (male/female) | 74/112 | 39/71 | 35/41 | 0.147 |
| Smoking (%) | 76.88 | 78.18 | 75.00 | 0.613 |
| Alcohol (%) | 8.60 | 9.09 | 7.89 | 0.078 |
| lipid-lowering drugs (%) | 50.98 | 60.91 | 51.32 | 0.194 |
| CVD (%) | 20.43 | 17.27 | 25.00 | 0.199 |
| Onset age of diabetes (years) | 57.12 ± 11.16 | 54.76 ± 11.29 | 60.47 ± 10.13 | 0.001* |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–10) | 7 (4–12) | 0.370 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.63 ± 3.21 | 24.46 ± 3.19 | 24.88 ± 3.23 | 0.392 |
| WC (cm) | 81.43 ± 8.76 | 81.10 ± 8.75 | 81.90 ± 8.81 | 0.544 |
| WHR | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.077 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 140 (130–150) | 140 (129.5–150) | 142 (135–160) | 0.001* |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84 (78–92) | 82 (76–90) | 86 (80–94.75) | 0.026* |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 7.80 (6.45–10.00) | 7.55 (6.3–9.65) | 8.60 (6.90–10.10) | 0.236 |
| PBG (mmol/L) | 15.73 ± 6.08 | 15.60 ± 6.16 | 15.93 ± 6.00 | 0.717 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 12.20 (7.44–20.06) | 12.22 (7.35–18.81) | 12.20 (7.54–21.77) | 0.387 |
| 2 h insulin (pmol/L) | 46.49 (28.06–69.77) | 47.46 (29.43–70.23) | 43.99 (25.77–69.63) | 0.780 |
| Fasting C peptide (ng/mL) | 2.94 (2.22–3.78) | 2.96 (2.23–3.72) | 2.91 (2.15–3.86) | 0.622 |
| 2 h C peptide (ng/mL) | 8.88 (6.61–11.74) | 8.84 (7.07–10.92) | 8.88 (6.45–12.67) | 0.191 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.56 (2.39–7.99) | 4.11 (2.23–7.42) | 5.27 (2.72–9.22) | 0.359 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.70 (6.00–7.65) | 6.70 (6.00–7.65) | 6.80 (6.03–7.75) | 0.730 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 6.00 (5.00–7.15) | 5.85 (5.00–6.70) | 6.20 (5.20–7.70) | 0.224 |
| Scr (μmol/L) | 65 (54–78) | 62 (52–76) | 68 (58–80) | 0.441 |
| Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 0.27 (0.24–0.33) | 0.28 (0.23–0.33) | 0.27 (0.24–0.33) | 0.887 |
| eGFR (mL·min−1 1.73 m−2) | 121.15 ± 30.98 | 124.15 ± 31.80 | 116.74 ± 29.41 | 0.111 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.26 ± 1.18 | 5.07 ± 0.99 | 5.54 ± 1.38 | 0.008* |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.60 (1.07–2.16) | 1.50 (1.09–2.11) | 1.63 (1.01–2.28) | 0.482 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.00 (2.40–3.40) | 2.90 (2.40–3.30) | 3.00 (2.40–3.60) | 0.094 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.30 (1.05–1.50) | 1.20 (1.00–1.50) | 1.30 (1.10–1.60) | 0.266 |
| UACR (μg/mg) | 14.42 (6.04–31.06) | 11.29 (4.59–24.94) | 20.17 (7.38–46.28) | 0.651 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 3.05 (1.65–5.29) | 6.92 (4.23–9.60) | 8.80 (5.62–12.25) | 0.019* |
| IMT (mm) | 1.03 ± 0.42 | 0.78 ± 0.19 | 1.41 ± 0.38 | 0.000* |
| HSP27 (ng/mL) | 7.85 (4.78–10.92) | 6.93 (4.23–9.60) | 8.80 (5.62–12.25) | 0.007* |
P < 0.05 (*)