Table 1:
Baseline characteristics
| Variables | PHIV | HEU | HIV- | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=57 | n=59 | n=56 | ||
|
Cardiovascular and metabolic variables | ||||
| Weight- for- age- z score | −0.63 [−1.48, −0.06] | −0.46 [−0.99, 0.04] | −0.31 [−0.85, 0.10] | 0.41 |
| Height-for-age-z-score | −0.85[−1.53,0.39] | −0.22 [−1.16, 0.48] | −0.25 [−1.11, 0.14] | 0.13 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 14.93 [14.48, 15.91] | 14.92 [14.06, 15.60] | 15.17 [14.57, 16.25] | 0.08 |
| Waist (cm) | 57 [55, 59] | 56 [53, 59] | 57 [53, 58] | 0.37 |
| Hip (cm) | 60 [58, 65] | 62 [58, 67] | 64 [61, 67] | 0.05 |
| Waist:Hip Ratio | 0.92 [0.89, 0.98] | 0.91 [0.87, 0.93] | 0.89 [0.85, 0.92] | <0.01 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 98 [95, 105] | 101 [93, 106] | 105 [99, 109] | 0.04 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 63 [58, 68] | 63 [58, 67] | 64 [60, 67] | 0.53 |
| Cholesterol (md/dL) | 152 [130, 168] | 143 [129, 165] | 143 [128, 160] | 0.42 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 50 [39, 57] | 43 [36, 51] | 42 [37, 48] | 0.01 |
| Non-HDL (mg/dL) | 96 [83, 122] | 98 [81, 118] | 99 [88, 113] | 0.84 |
| Cholesterol:HDL ratio | 3.00 [2.70, 3.70] | 3.30 [2.85, 3.85] | 3.50 [3.10, 3.80] | 0.10 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 80 [69, 102] | 79 [68, 106] | 86 [73, 101] | 0.54 |
| VLDL (mg/dL) | 17 [13, 23] | 14 [11, 22] | 13 [10, 17] | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 83 [64, 113] | 72 [56, 109] | 65 [51, 86] | 0.02 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 5 [3, 7] | 3 [2, 4] | 3 [2, 4] | 0.00 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.94 [0.62, 1.51] | 0.57 [0.42, 1.06] | 0.68 [0.41, 1.08] | 0.02 |
|
Micronutrients | ||||
| Selenium (μg/L) | 106 [94, 15] | 81 [71, 97] | 100 [75, 21] | <0.001 |
| Zinc (μg/dL) | 74 [64, 82] | 78 [71, 87] | 76 [68, 85] | 0.18 |
| Chromiun (μg/L) | < 1 [1, 1] | <1 [1, 1] | <1 [1, 1] | 0.01 |
Median [Interquartile range]
Bold values represent p< 0.05
HDL: high density lipoprotein, HEU: Children exposed uninfected to HIV, HIV-: Children unexposed and uninfected to HIV, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic assessment insulin resistance, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, NRTI: nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PHIV: Children with perinatally acquired HIV, PI: protease inhibitor, NNRTI: non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, VLDL: very low density lipoprotein.