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. 2019 Jun 25;35(6):937–957. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04271-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — a DXA images. This is an example of DXA imaging of the L1-4 spine of a 16-year-old male with chronic kidney disease. His mean L1-4 age-matched Z-score is − 2.2. However, when adjusted for his shorter height and poor growth, his BMAD Z-score is − 0.8 (the BMAD value is obtained by adding the bone mineral content of the L1-L4 vertebrae and dividing by the total volume of the 4 vertebrae). b This is an example of a DXA image of both hips of a 14-year-old girl with chronic kidney disease on home nocturnal haemodialysis. Her mean age-matched Z-score for both hips is − 2.5