Table 5.
Secondary cough headache
| Publication | Primary (n) (mean age years) | Secondary (n) Abnormal scan (mean age) * |
Secondary (n) + Abnormal signs related to lesion on scan |
Intervention | Follow-up duration (months) | Resolution following intervention | Resolution without intervention | Drug responders | Pathologies (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symonds [31] | 21 (55) | 6 (52) | 2 | 4 ( one operative death) | UK |
1—air encephalogram and deep-xray treatment 1—air encephalogram |
1—Spontaneous 4 year remission One-symptoms started after interventiona |
NA |
Posterior fossa meningioma Midbrain cyst Pagets with basilar impression (2) Post acoustic neuroma removala |
| Pascual [32] | 12 (67) | 17(39) | UK 14 had symptoms or signs | 8–C1-3 laminectomy (one for headache alone) – | UK | 7 ‘improved’ | ‘persisting’—duration UK | None to ‘analgesics and antimigraine treatments’ | All ACM I—5 with syringomyelia |
| Ozge [34] | 20 (45)** | 12 | None documented | No intervention | Cross-sectional | NA | All resolved after treatment with Indomethacin |
Analgesics partly effective Indomethacin 75–150 mg for 6 weeks (one also methysergide for concomitant migraine)—all resolved after withdrawal |
3 ACM I Details of the rest unclear |
| Pascual [33] | 28 (60) | 40 (44) | No abnormal signs documented | 9 (all for ACM I) | UK | 9 | 5 treated with Indomethacin—no response |
ACM I (32) Other posterior fossa lesions (8) |
|
| Chen [30] | 74 (61) | 9 (55) | 3 ( ataxia and dysmetria) | 4 | 51.4 | 4 | 0b | Indomethacin 37.5% |
Cerebellar mass + Hydrocephalus (3 meningioma; 1 metastases) ACM I (2; up to 5 mm descent)b Diffuse brain metastases (1) Subdural haematoma(1) Mucous retention cyst in the sphenoid sinus |
ACM Arnold-Chiari malformation
UK Unknown
*No other abnormal tests
**Primary and secondary together