Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| CKD 2–3 (n = 22) |
Dialysis (n = 18) |
Transplant (n = 21) |
pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | ||||
| Age, year | 8.9 (3.6, 12.6) | 13.8 (6.3, 14.5) | 14.3 (11.2, 16.1) | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 10 (45.5) | 7 (38.9) | 10 (47.6) | 0.85 |
| Race, n | ||||
| White/Asian/Black/Mixed/Other | 16/3/2/0/1 | 8/4/5/0/1 | 14/6/1/0/0 | 0.24 |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Height, cm | 129.1 (97.9, 151) | 138.2 (110.8, 158) | 149.2 (138.6, 162) | 0.02 |
| Height SDS | − 0.44 (− 1.03, 0.60) | − 0.99 (− 2.89, − 0.22) | − 1.04 (− 1.88, − 0.09) | 0.17 |
| Weight, kg | 28.3 (15.0, 40.7) | 36.5 (19, 47) | 47 (36.5, 60.9) | 0.002 |
| Weight SDS | − 0.07 (− 0.59, 0.43) | − 0.68 (− 1.83, − 0.03) | − 0.11 (− 0.87, 0.76) | 0.11 |
| Body mass index | 17.2 (16.3, 19.9) | 18.2 (16.5, 19.1) | 20.5 (19.0, 25.5) | 0.004 |
| Underlying renal diagnosis, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| CAKUT | 20 (90.9) | 6 (33.3) | 12 (57.1) | |
| Cystic kidney disease | 0 | 1 (5.6) | 6 (28.6) | |
| Glomerular disease | 0 | 3 (16.7) | 3 (14.3) b | |
| Wilms’ tumor | 1 (4.5) | 1 (5.6) | 0 | |
| Others | 1 (4.5) | 3 (16.7) | 0 | |
| Unknown | 0 | 4 (22.2) | 0 | |
| Time since transplant, months | 16.2 (7.5, 20.8) | |||
| Dialysis: PD/HD, n | 4/14 | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | ||||
| mmHg | 93 (84, 104) | 102 (95, 124) | 108 (102, 114) | 0.003 |
| SDS | − 0.22 (− 1.42, 0.36) | 0.62 (− 0.62, 1.91) | 0.19 (− 0.5, 0.57) | 0.06 |
| B | ||||
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 69 (63.1, 79.2) | 61.3 (52.9, 85.5) | 0.44c | |
| Urea, mmol/L | 6.7 (5.7, 7.6) | 19.05 (16.6, 22.4) | 7.4 (6.2, 8.3) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 45 (43, 46) | 39 (38, 41) | 42 (39, 43) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium (corrected), mmol/L | 2.28 (2.25, 2.35) | 2.42 (2.36, 2.55) | 2.36 (2.27, 2.41) | 0.002 |
| Parathyroid hormone, pmol/L | 3.6 (2.9, 4.3) | 11.5 (5.5, 37.3) | 5.1 (3.5, 8.4) | 0.001 |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.49 (1.35, 1.65) | 1.61 (1.29, 1.8) | 1.3 (1.14, 1.41) | 0.002 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 200 (163, 233) | 167 (124, 238) | 177 (95, 262) | 0.71 |
| Urine Albumin: Creatinine, mg/mmol | 1.6 (0.8, 4.6)d | 7.1 (3.5, 26.2)e | 0.007c | |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Colecalciferol | 0 | 9 (50) | 1 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
| Alfacalcidol | 0 | 17 (94.4) | 5 (23.8) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium-based phosphate binder | 5 (22.7) | 16 (88.9) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Sevelamer | 0 | 1 (5.6) | 0 | 0.3 |
| Cinacalcet | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| ACEi/ARB | 3 (13.6) | 5 (27.8) | 0 | 0.04 |
| Prednisolone | 0 | 2 (11.1) | 20 (95.2) | < 0.001 |
| Tacrolimus | 0 | 2 (11.1) | 21 (100) | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as number with the percentage in parenthesis or as median and interquartile range in parenthesis. ACEi angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker, CAKUT congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, CKD chronic kidney disease, HD hemodialysis, PD peritoneal dialysis, SDS standard deviation score
aKruskal-Wallis or chi-square test
b1 child did not have bilateral nephrectomy
cMann-Whitney test between CKD 2–3 and transplant groups
dn = 20
en = 13