Table 1.
Patients Demographic and Clinical Baseline Characteristics by Tertile Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
| All Patients | LVEF < 40% | LVEF 40–49% | LVEF ≥ 50% | p value a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart failure patients | 126 | 32(25.4) | 37(29.4%) | 57(45.2) | ||
| Age | Mean ± SD | 70. 44± 9. 09 | 67.18 ±9.35 | 71.29±8.7 | 71.70±8.8 | 0.06 |
| Sex | Women | 57(45.2%) | 15 (46.8) | 14 (37.83) | 28 (49.12) | NS |
| Men | 69 (54.8%) | 17 (53.12) | 23 (62.16) | 29 (50.87) | ||
| NYHA class | II | 44 (34.9) | 10 (31.25) | 17 (45.94) | 17 (29.82) | NS |
| III | 67(53.2) | 17 (53.12) | 18 (48.64) | 32 (56.14) | ||
| IV | 15 (11.9) | 5 (15.62) | 2 (5.4) | 8 (14.03) | ||
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | Mean ±SD (median) | 2728.22±3686.30 (1371.5) | 4363.75±6019 (1915) | 2047.58±2111 (1362) | 2231.19±2240 (1286) | NS |
| Creatinine clearance (%) | 30–59 | 25 (19.8) | 11 (34.37) | 5 (13.51) | 9 (15.78) | 0.058 |
| 60–89 | 40 (31.7) | 5 (15.6) | 16 (43.24) | 19 (33.33) | ||
| ≥90 | 61 (48.4) | 16 (50) | 16 (43.24) | 29 (50.87) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | Yes | 43 (34.1) | 9 (28.1) | 11 (29.72) | 23 (40.35) | NS |
| No | 83 (65.87) | 23 (71.87) | 26 (70.27) | 34 (59.64) | ||
| Hypertension (%) | Yes | 89 (70.6) | 17 (53.12) | 26 (70.27) | 46 (80.70) | 0.023 |
| No | 37 (29.4) | 15 (46.87) | 11 (29.72) | 11 (19.29) | ||
| Overweight (%) | Yes | 16 (12.7) | 3 (9.3) | 6 (16.21) | 7 (12.28) | NS |
| Obesity grade I (%) | Yes | 61 (48.4) | 15 (46.87) | 15 (40.54) | 31 (54.38) | |
| Obesity grade II (%) | Yes | 32 (25.4) | 9 (28.12) | 10 (27.02) | 13 (22.8) | |
| Obesity grade III (%) | Yes | 17 (13.5) | 5 (15.62) | 6 (16.21) | 6 (10.52) | |
| Smoking (%) | Yes | 47 (37.3) | 11 (34.37) | 15 (40.54) | 21 (36.84) | NS |
| No | 79(62.7) | 21 (65.62) | 22 (59.45) | 36 (63.15) | ||
| Total-cholesterol (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 167.19±46.45 | 152.71±46.54 | 168.59±42.93 | 174.42±47.51 | NS |
| LDL – cholesterol (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 103.03±42.34 | 87.90±30.75 | 107.05±51.41 | 108.91±40.02 | 0.06 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 39.80±12.13 | 39.65±15.49 | 39.02±10.36 | 40.40±11.2 | NS |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 137.10±73.63 | 132.03±79.01 | 139.91±85.74 | 138.12±62.43 | NS |
| Glycemia (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 112.56±34.52 | 113.18±39.58 | 106.44±23.30 | 116.08±37.35 | NS |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 7.86±2.34 | 8.47±2.59 | 7.69±2.00 | 7.66±2.41 | NS |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 1.11±0.39 | 1.29±0.5 | 1.07±0.37 | 1.02±0.28 | 0.02 (Significant difference EF<40 vs 40–49 and EF <40 vs ≥50) |
| Ischaemic heart disease (%) | Yes | 59 (46.8) | 15 (46.87) | 17 (45.94) | 27 (47.36) | NS |
| No | 67 (53.2) | 17 (53.120) | 20 (54.05) | 30 (52.63) | ||
| Left atrium >40 mm | DA | 97 (77) | 25 (78.12) | 30 (81.08) | 42 (73.68) | NS |
| NU | 29(23) | 7 (21.87) | 7 (19.91) | 15 (26.31) | ||
| Diastolic dysfunction | Without | 21 (16.7) | 8 (25) | 7 (18.91) | 6 (10.52) | NS |
| Relaxation abnormality | 34 (27) | 6 (18.75) | 8 (21.62) | 20 (35.08) | ||
| Pseudonormal | 31 (24.6) | 6 (18.75) | 13 (35.13) | 12 (21.05) | ||
| Restrictive | 40 (31.7) | 12 (37.5) | 9 (24.32) | 19 (33.33) | ||
| Pulmonary artery systolic pressure | 49.57 ± 16.27 | 55.68±14.16 | 51.68±12.67 | 44.12±18.05 | 0.028 Significant difference between EF<40% vs ≥50% |
Note: aTwo-sided p < 0.05 was statistically significant.