Unilateral renal artery disease |
Unilateral atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis |
Unilateral fibromuscular dysplasias |
Renal artery aneurism |
Arterial embolus |
Arteriovenous fistula (e.g., congenital, traumatic) |
Segmental arterial occlusion (e.g., posttraumatic, radiation, thrombi) |
Extrinsic compression of renal artery (e.g., tumor) |
Bilateral renal artery disease or solitary functional kidney |
Renal artery stenosis to a solitary kidney |
Bilateral renal artery stenosis |
Aortic coarctation |
Atheroembolic disease |
Systemic vasculitis (e.g., polyarteritis nodosa, Takayasu’s arteritis) |
Vascular occlusion due to endovascular stent graft |