Table 3.
Poisson regression with multilevel analysis (health facility as cluster variable) of the determinants of mortality rates among PLHIV in Northern Tanzania (N = 82,925)
| Characteristics | Survival status Event (death) censored | Crude rate ratio (95%CI) | Adjusted rate ratio (95%CI) adjusting only for clusters | ARR (95% CI) adjusting for other factors and for clusters * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| 15–24 | 258 | 7812 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 25–34 | 853 | 22,795 | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) |
| 35–44 | 1600 | 27,407 | 1.14 (1.00–1.31) | 1.17 (1.03–1.34) | 1.30 (1.05–1.61) |
| 55–55 | 1147 | 15,759 | 1.21 (1.05–1.39) | 1.24 (1.08–1.43) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) |
| Above 55 | 899 | 7520 | 1.90 (1.64–2.19) | 1.92 (1.66–2.21) | 1.88 (1.50–2.37) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1906 | 23,712 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 2851 | 60,465 | 0.57 (0.54–0.60) | 0.57 (0.54–0.60) | 0.62 (0.56–0.69) |
| HIV WHO stage | |||||
| Stage 1 | 482 | 21,756 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Stage 2 | 940 | 18,974 | 1.45 (1.30–1.61) | 1.51 (1.36–1.68) | 1.38 (1.13–1.69) |
| Stage 3 | 2091 | 30,257 | 1.74 (1.59–1.92) | 1.90 (1.73–2.09) | 1.58 (1.32–1.90) |
| Stage 4 | 1159 | 10,801 | 2.70 (2.43–2.99) | 3.01 (2.75–3.39) | 2.08 (1.71–2.54) |
| Region | |||||
| Arusha | 517 | 13,799 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kilimanjaro | 1293 | 28,231 | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) | 0.76 (0.69–0.85) | 0.88 (0.74–1.03) |
| Tanga | 2946 | 42,148 | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.78 (0.69–0.91) |
| Functional status | |||||
| Bedridden | 503 | 3696 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ambulatory | 78 | 512 | 1.90 (1.51–2.39) | 1.96 (1.56–2.47) | 3.59 (2.39–5.39) |
| Working | 4152 | 79,342 | 0.38 (0.34–0.41) | 0.38 (0.35–0.42) | 0.56 (0.47–0.68) |
| TB status | |||||
| No TB | 4085 | 79,403 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| TB Co-infection | 671 | 4775 | 2.23 (2.06–2.41) | 2.25 (2.08–2.44) | 1.4 (1.24–1.67) |
| Nutritional status ** | |||||
| Ok | 3237 | 60,389 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Moderate | 511 | 4332 | 2.11 (1.93–2.31) | 2.06 (1.90–2.28) | 1.61 (1.39–1.85) |
| Severe | 53 | 342 | 4.06 (3.15–5.24) | 4.15 (3.21–5.36) | 1.90 (1.24–2.90) |
| Body weight*** | |||||
| Below 40 kg | 691 | 7302 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 40–60 kg | 3014 | 46,801 | 0.77 (0.72–0.83) | 0.77 (0.72–0.83) | 0.50 (0.43–0.58) |
| Above 60 kg | 790 | 24,780 | 0.39 (0.35–0.42) | 0.39 (0.36–0.43) | 0.26 (0.22–0.31) |
| CD4 count**** | |||||
| Below 350 | 1479 | 16,356 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 350–500 | 157 | 4599 | 0.41 (0.35–0.48) | 0.42 (0.36–0.49) | 0.48 (0.39–0.58) |
| above 500 | 100 | 5322 | 0.31 (0.25–0.37) | 0.31 (0.26–0.38) | 0.40 (0.32–0.51) |
*Adjusted for age, sex, region, WHO stage, functional status, TB status (N = 77,369)
**Adjusted for age, sex, region, WHO stage, functional status, TB status (N = 65,063)
***Adjusted for age, sex, region, WHO stage, functional status, TB status (N = 71,813)
****Adjusted for age, sex, bodyweight, region, WHO stage, functional status, TB status (N = 26,277)