Table 4.

Poisson regression with multilevel analysis, with health facility as cluster variable in Northern Tanzania. Interaction effects for mortality among patients with HIV adjusted for the significant effects included in Table 3 (N = 82,925)

Characteristics	ARR (95%CI) PLHIV without TB	ARR (95%CI) PLHIV/TB co-infection *	Effect of TB infection in baseline **
Age
15–24	1		2.06 (1.42–2.99)
25–34	1.27 (1.07–1.52)	0.97 (0.66–1.43)
35–44	1.36 (1.14–1.61)	0.91 (0.63–1.33)
45–55	1.34 (1.12–1.60)	0.93 (0.63–1.37)
Above 55	1.98 (1.65–2.37)	1.26 (0.84–1.90)
Sex
Male	1		1.41 (1.22–1.62)
Female	0.57 (0.53–0.61)	0.63 (0.53–0.75)
Body weight
Below 40 kg	1		0.89 (0.70–1.13)
40–60 kg	0.46 (0.42–0.52)	0.80 (0.62–1.02)
Above 60 kg	0.22 (0.20–0.26)	0.58 (0.42–0.80)
HIV WHO stage
Stage 1	1		1.49 (1.01–2.19)
Stage 2	1.35 (1.19–1.53)	1.53 (0.99–2.36)
Stage 3	1.50 (1.33–1.68)	1.42 (0.96–2.09)
Stage 4	2.22 (1.95–2.54)	1.74 (1.16–2.62)
Region
Arusha	1		2.02 (1.58–2.59)
Kilimanjaro	0.89 (0.77–1.03)	0.63 (0.46–0.86)
Tanga	0.86 (0.76–0.97)	0.61 (0.48–0.78)
Functional status
Bedridden	1		1.15 (0.90–1.48)
Ambulatory	2.57 (1.88–3.52)	1.11 (0.54–2.31)
Working	0.59 (0.52–0.67)	0.81 (0.64–1.03)
Nutritional status
Ok	1		1.61 (1.45–1.79)
Moderate	1.67 (1.50–1.86)	1.28 (1.03–1.61)
Severe	2.40 (1.71–3.35)	0.63 (0.35–1.12)
Year of follow-up
2012	1		1.36 (1.05–1.74)
2013	0.83 (0.74–0.93)	0.87 (0.63–1.20)
2014	0.73 (0.65–0.82)	0.91 (0.68–1.24)
2015	0.71 (0.64–0.80)	0.71 (0.52–0.97)
2016	0.56 (0.50–0.63)	0.46 (0.33–0.64)
2017	0.44 (0.38–0.51)	0.72 (0.51–1.01)

ARR adjusted rate ratio

Estimates of interaction effects are adjusted for age, sex, bodyweight, HIV WHO stage, region, functional status, and year of follow-up

*At non-baseline levels the effects are shown within each group (HIV alone and HIV/TB) comparing the level with the baseline level

**Adjusted rate ratios in the baseline level of each factor show the effect of TB on mortality at that baseline level