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. 2020 Apr 27;10:7058. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63996-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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DHR treatment downregulates the expression of Twist1 and CAF markers. In vitro validation of DHR efficacy on cancer-associated fibroblasts, SCAF#36. (a) Western blotting analysis of Twist1, FSP1, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, FAPα, and α-SMA after two weeks of treatment with 0.1 μM or 1 μM DHR. SCAF#36 cells were plated and treated with DHR for two weeks in medium containing 1% serum. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control. (b) Expression of transcripts for Twist1, FSP1, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, FAPα, and α-SMA in SCAF#36 cells after three days of treatment with 0.1 μM or 1 μM DHR. Expression of Twist1 was normalized to GAPDH levels, and the other CAF markers were normalized to 18 s rRNA levels. Experiments were done in triplicate. Bars represent the means ± SEM of six independent experiments. Differences were evaluated by two-tailed student’s t-test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.005.