Fig. 6. Antigen presentation by PB ILCs following cytokine treatment.

a Experimental workflow to evaluate the antigen-presentation capacity of expanded PB ILC2 and ILC3-like cells. b Representative plots of cytokine production by CMV-pp65-specific CD4⁺ memory T cells after co-culture with autologous CMV-pp65 protein-loaded cell subsets, CD3⁻ cells left unloaded, or in response to CMV-pp65 peptide stimulation. To exclude antigen presentation of residual protein by T cells, an empty well was loaded with CMV-pp65-protein and treated further in the same way as expanded cells. c Summarized data of frequencies of responsive (IFN-γ⁺, TNF-α⁺, and/or CD40L⁺) CMV-pp65-specific CD4⁺ memory T cells after co-culture with indicated autologous cell subsets. N (donors) = 8. Due to limited cell numbers, we could not generate data for all conditions for every donor; source data are provided as a source data file. Bars and error bars indicate mean and SEM; statistical significance was assessed using two-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. d Mean frequency of responsive CMV-pp65-specific CD4⁺ memory T cells positive for combinations of IFN-γ⁺, TNF-α⁺, and CD40L⁺ (indicated by arches) after co-culture with indicated autologous cell subsets. Size of each slice indicates frequency of cells positive for the given cytokine combination. N (donors) = 7. e Correlation between MFI of HLA-DR expression on expanded PB ILC subsets and percent of responsive T cells in autologous CMV-pp65-specific co-cultures (Pearson’s correlation analysis, 95% confidence interval, two-tailed). f Summarized data of frequencies of responsive (IFN-γ⁺, TNF-α⁺, and/or CD40L⁺) CMV-pp65-specific CD4⁺ memory T cells after co-culture with indicated autologous sort-purified cell subsets. N (donors) = 6 for ILC subsets and 5 for CD3⁻ cells; bars and error bars indicate mean and SEM; statistical significance was assessed using two-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Source data are provided as a source data file.