Table 2.
Changes in outcomes between baseline and Year 1 by enrollment year
| Enrollment year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 (n = 818) |
2007 (n = 701) |
2008 (n = 508) |
||
| Changes in clinical outcomes | ∆ Mean (SE) | ∆ Mean (SE) | ∆ Mean (SE) | Overall p value |
| BMI (kg/m2) | –0.21 (0.08)* | –0.18 (0.09)* | –0.16 (0.10) | .93 |
| Waist circumference (inches) | –0.29 (0.10)* | –0.44 (0.11)* | –0.22 (0.13) | .40 |
| HbA1c (%) | –0.14 (0.06)* | –0.18 (0.06)* | –0.31 (0.07)* | .17 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | –1.94 (0.62)* | –0.82 (0.67) | 0.23 (0.78) | .09 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | –0.94 (0.38)* | –1.24 (0.41)* | –0.47 (0.47) | .46 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 0.21 (0.29)c | –0.03 (0.31)c | 1.88 (0.36)*,a,b | .0001 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | –6.65 (1.06)* | –7.69 (1.14)* ,c | –3.32 (1.34)*,b | .04 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) (geometric mean and SE) | –1.08 (1.02)* | –1.05 (1.02)* | –1.03 (1.02) | .23 |
| Changes in behavioral outcomes | ||||
| Healthy diet score | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.11 (0.03)* | 0.10 (0.04)* | .32 |
| Unhealthy Diet Score | –0.15 (0.02)* | –0.17 (0.03)* | –0.13 (0.03)* | .75 |
| Physical activity (log estimate) | 0.43 (0.07)b,c | 0.09 (0.07)a | 0.07 (0.8)a | .0007 |
|
(rate ratio of Yr 1:baseline estimate ± 95%CI) |
1.54 (1.34, 1.77)* |
1.10 (0.95, 1.27) |
1.07 (0.91, 1.26) |
|
| ∆ % | ∆ % | ∆ % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current smoker | –3.9%* | –2.9%* | –3.1%* | .37 |
| Aspirin use | 11.1%*,c | 12.3%*c | 7.6%*,a,b | .01 |
| Changes in goal attainment | ∆ % | ∆ % | ∆ % | |
| BMI goal (<30 kg/m2) | 1.2% | 1.9% | 1.8% | .88 |
| Waist goal (<40 inches men, <35 inches female) | 0.8% | 1.9% | 1.3% | .70 |
| Blood pressure goal (<130/80 mmHg) | 9.8%*,c | 4.0% | 1.1%a | .03 |
| HbA1c goal (<7%) | 5.3%* | 1.9% | 6.4%* | .21 |
| HDL goal (>40 mg/dl male, >50 mg/dl female) | –0.4% | 0.4% | 5.0%* | .08 |
| LDL goal (<100 mg/dl) | 10.6%* | 10.8%* | 4.2% | .05 |
| Triglycerides goal (<150 mg/dl) | 4.7%* | 5.5%* | 5.1%* | .95 |
| Physical activity goal (≥150 min/week) | 16.1%*,b,c | 6.6%*,a | 2.2%a | <.0001 |
Values are estimated differences from a linear mixed model or a generalized mixed model. BMI body mass index; HDL high-density lipoprotein; LDL low-density lipoprotein; SE standard error.
aSignificantly different from the mean of 2006 cohort at α = 0.017 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
bSignificantly different from the mean of 2007 cohort at α = 0.017 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
cSignificantly different from the mean of 2008 cohort at α = 0.017 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
*p < .05 for test with H0: mean difference is equal to 0 (within-cohort changes).