Table 4.
Categorization of the 25 Studies Evaluating the Impact of NNRTI Low-Abundance Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants Based on Recommendations by the Strengthening of Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement [114]
| Reference | Study Design | Participants | Methods | Results | Sum | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Sampling time period | Duration of follow-up | Definition of virological failurea | Number of participants | Age | Sex | Ethnicity | Route of HIV-1 infection | HIV-1 subtype | Cd4+ T-cell count at baseline | Viral load at baseline | Stage of HIV-1 infection | Details on ART regimens | GRT prior to study initiation | Technical cutoff | Clinical cutoff/mutational load | GRT at virological failure | ||
| Johnson et al 2008 [57] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
| Metzner et al 2009 [70] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 |
| Simen et al 2009 [115] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
| Balduin et al 2009 [24] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Geretti et al 2009 [46] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 |
| Paredes et al 2010 [84] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 |
| Goodman et al 2011 [48] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
| Li et al 2011 [65] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
| Messiaen et al 2012 [68] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 13 |
| Bansode et al 2013 [26] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 10 |
| Mohamed et al 2014 [75] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
| Metzner et al 2014 [72] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 |
| Neogi et al 2014 [79] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 8 |
| Nicot et al 2015 [80] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 12 |
| Cozzi-Lepri et al 2015 [38] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 16 |
| Zoufaly et al 2015 [105] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 |
| Porter et al 2015 [88] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 12 |
| Van Eygen et al 2016 [99] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 10 |
| Mzingwane et al 2016 [77] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| Ávila-Ríos et al 2016 [23] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 | |
| Raymond et al 2018 [89] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
| Inzaule et al 2018 [53] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14 |
| Hassan et al 2019 [50] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 |
| Derache et al 2019 [41] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 |
| Su et al 2019 [96] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 |
| Sum | 23 | 19 | 24 | 23 | 25 | 18 | 21 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 20 | 20 | 17 | 23 | 21 | 25 | 8 | 10 | |
1 = information is provided; 0 = information is not provided; NA = not applicable, eg, not all studies evaluated the impact of LA-DRVs on rate of virological failure but on, eg, time to viral load suppression. Details are given in Supplementary Table 2.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; GRT, routine genotypic resistance test; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
aDefinition of virological failure or other virological outcome parameters.