Table 1.
Descriptive statistics on 25 European countries selected for the analysis.
| Country | Population density (persons per square km) | Old-age dependency ratio, % | Male, % | Household size average, n | Older adults (≥65 years) living with children, % | Life expectancy at birth (years) | Health care expenditure/ inhabitant (euros) | Tourist arrivals (millions), n | Perceived sociability | Institutional trust |
| Austria | 107 | 28.2 | 49.2 | 2.2 | 6.7 | 81.8 | 4248.0 | 30.8 | 2.9 | 25.8 |
| Belgium | 375 | 29.5 | 49.3 | 2.9 | 9.6 | 81.7 | 3744.0 | 9.1 | 2.7 | 24.6 |
| Bulgaria | 64 | 33.2 | 48.5 | 2.6 | 16.1 | 75.0 | 556.0 | 9.3 | 2.8 | 10.8 |
| Cyprus | 94 | 23.8 | 48.8 | 2.8 | 14.1 | 82.9 | 1474.0 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 17.9 |
| Czechia | 138 | 30.4 | 49.2 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 79.1 | 1193.0 | 10.6 | 2.6 | 22.2 |
| Denmark | 138 | 30.6 | 49.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 81.0 | 5014.0 | 12.7 | 2.9 | 30.7 |
| Estonia | 30 | 31.0 | 47.2 | 2.5 | 14.3 | 78.5 | 1072.0 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 24.0 |
| Finland | 18 | 35.1 | 49.4 | 2.4 | 6.1 | 81.8 | 3727.0 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 30.6 |
| France | 106 | 32.5 | 48.3 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 82.9 | 3847.0 | 89.3 | 2.9 | 21.0 |
| Germany | 235 | 33.2 | 49.3 | 2.6 | 6.3 | 81.0 | 4271.0 | 38.9 | 2.7 | 26.2 |
| Hungary | 107 | 29.3 | 47.8 | 2.4 | 11.9 | 76.2 | 853.0 | 17.6 | 2.5 | 23.1 |
| Iceland | 4 | 21.3 | 51.2 | 3.0 | 12.1 | 82.9 | 4539.0 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 27.3 |
| Ireland | 71 | 21.6 | 49.5 | 2.6 | 12.3 | 82.3 | 4242.0 | 10.9 | 2.7 | 23.1 |
| Italy | 203 | 35.7 | 48.7 | 2.7 | 14.5 | 83.4 | 2475.0 | 61.6 | 2.9 | 18.1 |
| Lithuania | 45 | 30.4 | 46.4 | 2.4 | 10.5 | 76.0 | 899.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 21.1 |
| Netherlands | 504 | 29.5 | 49.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 81.9 | 4274.0 | 18.8 | 2.8 | 28.2 |
| Norway | 17 | 26.4 | 50.4 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 82.8 | 6730.0 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 32.3 |
| Poland | 124 | 26.4 | 48.4 | 3.1 | 27.9 | 77.7 | 731.0 | 19.6 | 2.6 | 17.6 |
| Portugal | 113 | 33.9 | 47.2 | 2.6 | 15.8 | 81.5 | 1632.0 | 16.2 | 2.6 | 18.8 |
| Slovakia | 112 | 23.5 | 48.8 | 2.8 | 20.3 | 77.4 | 1061.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 15.8 |
| Slovenia | 103 | 30.5 | 49.9 | 3.2 | 31.1 | 81.5 | 1657.0 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 17.6 |
| Spain | 93 | 29.5 | 48.6 | 3.0 | 28.3 | 83.5 | 2159.0 | 82.8 | 2.7 | 18.8 |
| Sweden | 25 | 31.9 | 50.3 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 75.9 | 5123.0 | 7.4 | 2.9 | 28.0 |
| Switzerland | 214 | 27.8 | 49.6 | 2.8 | 5.7 | 83.8 | 8841.0 | 10.4 | 2.8 | 30.0 |
| United Kingdom | 274 | 28.9 | 49.4 | 2.3 | 5.6 | 81.3 | 3566.0 | 36.3 | 2.7 | 24.4 |