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. 2020 Apr 27;148:216–222. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.035

Table 1.

Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation [11].

Level of Evidence
Grades of Recommendation
Level Description Grade Description
1 Meta-analysis or Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCT) or RCT with a low risk of bias A At least one meta-analysis, systematic review or RCT with a low risk of bias
2 High qualify systematic reviews of cohort studies, high-quality cohort studies or well-conducted cohort studies B High qualify systematic reviews of cohort studies, high quality cohort studies or extrapolated from RCT with a low risk of bias
3 Non-analystic studies e.g. institutional series C Well-conducted cohort studies or extrapolated from high qualify systematic reviews of cohort studies or high quality cohort studies
4 Expert opinion D Level 3 or 4 or extrapolated from well-conducted cohort studies