Table 2.
IES-R, DASS-21 and ISI scores of the study respondents with and without psychiatric illnesses.
| Psychiatric patients (n = 76) | Healthy controls (n = 109) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) | |||
| Mean IES-R score | 17.7 (14.2) | 11.3 (10.1) | 0.001 |
| Presence of PTSD like symptoms | 0.025 | ||
| No PTSD like symptoms (17 or below) | 43 (56.6%) | 79 (72.5%) | |
| PTSD (18 or above) | 33 (43.4%) | 30 (27.5%) | |
| Presence of diagnosis PTSD | 0.003 | ||
| No diagnosis of PTSD (23 or below) | 52 (68.4%) | 94 (86.2%) | |
| Diagnosis of PTSD (24 or above) | 24 (31.6%) | 15 (13.8%) | |
| Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) | |||
| Mean DASS-21 Anxiety score | 6.6 (9.0) | 1.5 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| DASS-21 (Anxiety) | <0.001 | ||
| No (0–7) | 56 (73.7%) | 102 (93.6%) | |
| Mild (8–9) | 2 (2.6) | 4 (3.7%) | |
| Moderate (10–14) | 7 (9.2%) | 2 (1.8%) | |
| Severe (15–19) | 3 (3.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| Extremely Severe (20+) | 8 (10.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Mean DASS-21 Depression score | 8.3 (10.3) | 2.2 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| DASS-21 (Depression) | <0.001 | ||
| No (0–9) | 50 (65.8%) | 107 (98.2%) | |
| Mild (10–13) | 9 (11.8%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| Moderate (14–20) | 7 (9.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Severe (21–27) | 4 (5.3%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| Extremely Severe (28+) | 6 (7.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Mean DASS-21 Stress score | 8.0 (9.8) | 2.7 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| DASS-21 (Stress) | <0.001 | ||
| No (0–14) | 61 (80.3%) | 108 (99.1%) | |
| Mild (15–18) | 2 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Moderate (19–25) | 7 (9.2%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| Severe (26–33) | 3 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Extremely Severe (34+) | 3 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) | |||
| Mean ISI score | 10.1 (7.16) | 4.63 (4.04) | <0.001 |
| No clinically significant insomnia (0–7) | 35 (46.1%) | 81 (74.3%) | <0.001 |
| Subthreshold insomnia (8–14) | 20 (26.3%) | 25 (22.9%) | |
| Moderately severe clinical insomnia (15–21) | 15 (19.7%) | 2 (1.8%) | |
| Severe clinical insomnia | 5 (7.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | |