Table 3:
Bivariate analysis of infant and maternal variables and placenta leptin methylation
| Maternal characteristics | Leptin Methylation Mean | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| (SD) | ||
| Pre-pregnancy obesity | .64 | |
| Yes | 24.1 (5.6) | |
| No | 23.5 (5.8) | |
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus | .74 | |
| Yes | 24.1 (6.1) | |
| No | 23.6 (5.8) | |
| Gestational weight gain | .17 | |
| Inadequate | 21.9 (6.1) | |
| Adequate | 24.7 (5.2) | |
| Excessive | 23.4 (5.9) | |
| Hypertension in pregnancy | .18 | |
| Yes | 20.99 (4.1) | |
| No | 23.8 (5.8) | |
| Tobacco use in pregnancy | .58 | |
| Yes | 24.9 (3.5) | |
| No | 23.6 (5.9) | |
| Pearson Correlation | ||
| Maternal age | .17 | .05 |
| Infant characteristics | ||
| Sex | .09 | |
| Male | 24.5 (6.1) | |
| Female | 22.8 (5.2) | |
| Birthweight group | .72 | |
| SGA | 23.7 (5.7) | |
| AGA | 23.5 (5.8) | |
| LGA | 24.5 (5.9) | |
| Genotype | .003 | |
| A/A | 27.3 (5.9) | |
| G/A | 23.4 (5.2) | |
| G/G | 22.1 (5.9) |
*
Placenta leptin methylation reported as mean percent methylation across 23 CpG sites. SGA, small for gestational age; AGA, Appropriate for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age.