Table 2.

Childhood behavioral problems and disorders according to maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) status in the Upstate KIDS Study

	n	n, cases	Reference	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)^a	Model 1 RR (95% CI)^b	Model 2 RR (95% CI)	Model 3 RR (95% CI)

Maternal reported diagnosis
ADHD^c	1906	173	1	1.25 (0.77, 2.04)	1.56 (1.00, 2.44)	1.33 (0.84, 2.09)	1.34 (0.86, 2.09)
Anxiety	1909	139	1	1.67 (1.05, 2.64)	1.87 (1.18, 2.97)	1.63 (1.02, 2.59)	1.62 (1.02, 2.57)
Conduct disorder	1905	116	1	1.29 (0.71, 2.35)	1.90 (1.10, 3.30)	1.59 (0.92, 2.75)	1.64 (0.96, 2.79)
Maternal reported diagnosis or screen on VADPRS
ADHD	1915	193	1	1.18 (0.75, 1.86)	1.52 (1.00, 2.32)	1.31 (0.86, 2.01)	1.33 (0.87, 2.03)
Borderline behavioral problems, SDQ
Emotional symptoms	1386	193	1	1.61 (1.14, 2.28)	1.89 (1.33, 2.68)	1.68 (1.19, 2.36)	1.66 (1.18, 2.33)
Peer relationship problems	1386	211	1	0.95 (0.63, 1.44)	1.15 (0.76, 1.72)	1.08 (0.72, 1.62)	1.08 (0.72, 1.62)
Conduct problems	1386	201	1	0.98 (0.66, 1.47)	1.17 (0.79, 1.74)	1.11 (0.74, 1.66)	1.10 (0.73, 1.66)
Hyperactivity/inattention	1386	214	1	1.23 (0.85, 1.76)	1.40 (0.98, 2.02)	1.24 (0.85, 1.82)	1.22 (0.83, 1.81)
Prosocial problems	1386	86	1	1.21 (0.66, 2.23)	1.35 (0.75, 2.43)	1.21 (0.67, 2.21)	1.18 (0.64, 2.18)

Values are risk ratios and their 95% confidence intervals from a Poisson regression model.

Model 1 is adjusted for maternal age, race, education, insurance status, marital status, smoking, and father’s age difference; Model 2 is additionally adjusted for maternal and paternal history of affective disorder and maternal body mass index; and Model 3 is additionally adjusted for child’s sex.

ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; VADPRS, Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale; and SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire