Table I.

Review of treatment of cervical vertebral osteolysis in patients with GSS.

First author (year)	Age (years)/gender	Location	Follow-up duration	Treatment	Outcomes	(Refs.)
Kim (2019)	22/male	C3-T4	1 year	Anterior and posterior fixation with screw and plate system	No progression	(14)
Tena-Sanabria (2019)	6/male	C1-C3	Not specified	Radiotherapy (45 Gy/25f)	Spinal cord compression and death	(15)
Tateda (2017)	15/male	C1-C5	5 years	Anterior spinal fusion with iliac bone graft and screw and plate system	No recurrence	(16)
Schell (2016)	31/female	C1-C4	6 years	Anterior and posterior spinal fusion with rib and iliac crest graft and rhBMP2	No recurrence	(5)
Noda (2013)	15/male	C1-C8	Not specified	Anterior cervical fusion	Not described	(17)
Heyd (2011)	38/male	Upper cervical spine	24 months	Radiotherapy (18x2 Gy)	Progression	(18)
Heyd (2011)	24/female	Cervical spine	46 months	Radiotherapy (18x2 Gy)	Progression	(18)
Heyd (2011)	44/male	Cervical spine	54 months	Radiotherapy (20x2 Gy)	No progression	(18)
Kai (2006)	35/female	C7	Not specified	Vertebrectomy with bone grafting	Not described	(19)
Lekovic (2006)	10/male	C1-C2	6 years	Posterior spinal fusion with placement of wires, radiotherapy (5x2 Gy)	Progression	(20)
Chong (2003)	49/male	C2-C5	1.5 years	Anterior and posterior fixation with iliac graft and screw and plate system	No progression	(21)
Bode-Lesniewska (2002)	65/female	Cervico-thoracic spine	15 months	Radiotherapy (20x2 Gy)	Post-radiation esophagitis and death	(22)
Mawk (1997)	6/male	C1-C3	3 months	Radiotherapy	Remineralization	(4)
Chung (1997)	48/female	C3-T5	Not specified	Radiotherapy	Progression	(23)
Hagberg (1997)	19/male	C7-T2	19 months	Stabilisation surgery, radiotherapy (15x2 Gy), interferon	No progression	(24)
Khosrovi (1997)	62/male	C1-C2	2 years	Radiotherapy (20x2 Gy)	Remineralization	(25)

C, cervical vertebra; T, thoracic vertebra; rhBMP2, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2.