Table 1. Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients.
| Variables | Chest CT | p value | |
| Progression group (n = 71) | Progression-free group (n = 202) | ||
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 53.5 ± 1.9 | 47.6 ± 1.1 | 0.006 |
| Male, n (%) | 33 (46.5) | 101 (50) | 0.61 |
| Disease history, n (%) | 0.614 | ||
| None | 48 (67.6) | 143 (70.8) | |
| Hypertension | 13 (18.3) | 27 (13.4) | |
| Diabetes | 7 (9.9) | 11 (5.4) | |
| Fatty liver disease | 12 (16.9) | 27 (13.4) | |
| Others | 3 (4.2) | 21 (10.4) | |
| Epidemiology, n (%) | |||
| Hubei sojourning history | 43 (56.3) | 108 (53.5) | 0.301 |
| Contact with COVID-19 patients | 27 (38.0) | 72 (35.6) | 0.719 |
| Therapeutic strategy, n (%) | |||
| Antivirus drugs | 58 (81.7) | 141 (69.8) | 0.053 |
| Antibiotics | 22 (31.0) | 46 (22.8) | 0.169 |
| Gamma globulin | 13 (18.3) | 17 (8.4) | 0.022 |
| Thymosin | 20 (28.2) | 23 (11.4) | 0.001 |
| Glucocorticoid | 10 (14.1) | 17 (8.4) | 0.169 |
| TCM decoction | 5 (7.0) | 25 (12.4) | 0.216 |
| TCM patent | 27 (38.0) | 58 (28.7) | 0.145 |
| Chest CT imaging, n (%) | 0.504 | ||
| Bilateral lung lesion | 60 (84.5) | 177 (87.6) | |
| Single lung lesion | 11 (15.5) | 25 (12.4) | |
| Blood routine tests, mean ± SD | |||
| WBC, 103/mm3 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 0.025 |
| RBC, 104/mm3 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.04 | 0.334 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 135.1 ± 1.7 | 136.7 ± 1.1 | 0.465 |
| Platelet, 103/mm3 | 176.0 ± 6.6 | 195.0 ± 5.1 | 0.044 |
| Neutrophils, 103/mm3 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 0.014 |
| Lymphocytes, 103/mm3 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.04 | 0.342 |
| Monocytes, 103/mm3 | 0.5 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.025 |
| Hypersensitive CRP, mg/L, mean ± SD | 17.5 ± 2.4 | 18.7 ± 1.6 | 0.697 |
| ESR, mm/Hour, mean ± SD | 56.9 ± 4.3 | 64.5 ± 2.7 | 0.148 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml, mean±SD | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.687 |
| Acid glycoprotein, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 140.9 ± 5.6 | 154.5 ± 3.3 | 0.037 |
| Liver function tests, mean ± SD | |||
| ALT, U/L | 27.6 ± 2.3 | 27.6 ± 1.4 | 0.995 |
| AST, U/L | 29.4 ± 1.7 | 29.2 ± 1.6 | 0.958 |
| GGT, U/L | 29.5 ± 2.5 | 38.6 ± 2.5 | 0.045 |
| LDH, U/L | 244.4 ± 10.4 | 248.8 ± 5.8 | 0.703 |
| TBiL, μmol/L | 8.4 ± 0.4 | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 0.116 |
| Albumin, g/L | 40.8 ± 0.4 | 41.1 ± 0.3 | 0.537 |
| Globulin, g/L | 28.8 ± 0.5 | 29.0 ± 0.3 | 0.693 |
| Homocysteine, μmol/L | 10.7 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.2 | 0.006 |
| Renal function test, mean ± SD | |||
| Urea, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 0.011 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 70.7 ± 3.0 | 63.0 ± 1.3 | 0.007 |
| Serum cystatin C, mg/L | 1.0 ± 0.04 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/(min×1.73m2) | 101.3 ± 3.1 | 116.3 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 |
| Lactic acid, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.04 | 0.936 |
| Haptoglobin, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 209.2 ± 12.0 | 229.6 ± 7.0 | 0.142 |
| Retinol-binding protein, mg/L, mean ± SD | 27.8 ± 1.4 | 26.4 ± 0.7 | 0.327 |
| Cardiac markers, mean ± SD | |||
| cTnI, ng/ml | 0.029 ± 0.004 | 0.033 ± 0.003 | 0.455 |
| Myoglobin, ng/ml | 17.5 ± 3.0 | 14.7 ± 2.9 | 0.59 |
| Pro-BNP, pg/ml | 73.5 ± 13.7 | 67.6 ± 7.2 | 0.692 |
| Coagulation function tests, mean ± SD | |||
| INR | 1.01 ± 0.008 | 1.02 ± 0.008 | 0.424 |
| PTA | 99.9 ± 1.2 | 99.0 ± 0.8 | 0.579 |
| Prothrombin time, second | 13.4 ± 0.08 | 13.5 ± 0.08 | 0.402 |
| D-Dimer, μg/ml | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.77 ± 0.11 | 0.254 |
TCM, Traditional Chinese Medicine; WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; TBiL, total bilirubin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; cTnI, cardiac troponin; Pro-BNP, Brain natriuretic peptide prohormone; INR, international normalized ratio; PTA, prothrombin activity.