Table II.

Quality assessment of included studies.

First author (year)	Was the control group appropriately matched?	Were diagnostic criteria for mouth breathing adequately defined?	Was reliability of cephalometric tracing measured?	Was the cephalometric evaluator masked?	Were the cephalometric landmarks predefined?	(Refs.)
Chambi-Rocha (2018)	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	(30)
El Aouame (2016)	Unclear	Unclear	No	No	Yes	(29)
Agostinho (2015)	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	No	Yes	(7)
Chung Leng Muñoz (2014)	Unclear	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	(25)
Basheer (2014)	Unclear	Yes	No	No	Yes	(8)
Souki (2012)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	(34)
Malhotra (2012)	Unclear	Yes	No	No	No	(27)
Ucar (2012)	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	(6)
Bakor (2011)	Unclear	Yes	No	No	Yes	(3)
D'Ascanio (2010)	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	(33)
Harari (2010)	Unclear	Yes	No	No	Yes	(4)
Cuccia (2008)	Unclear	No	Yes	No	Yes	(9)
Juliano (2009)	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	(26)
Frasson (2006)	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	(10)
Lessa (2005)	Unclear	Yes	No	No	Yes	(32)
Mattar (2004)	Unclear	Yes	No	No	Yes	(25)
Faria (2002)	Unclear	Yes	No	No	Yes	(24)
Trask (1987)	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	(23)
Bresolin (1983)	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	(31)