Table 2.

Average (± SD) Response Scores Related to Mood, Sleep, and Fatigue for Mild TBI Subjects before and after One Year Including Nine Months of GH Therapy

	Baseline	12 Months	p
Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form
General Fatigue	17.2 ± 4.4	11.0 ± 7.8	0.011*
Physical Fatigue	7.2 ± 3.4	3.3 ± 3.4	0.003*
Emotional Fatigue	8.4 ± 5.5	3.7 ± 5.7	0.030*
Mental Fatigue	13.1 ± 7.8	8.2 ± 5.9	0.005*
Vigor	9.1 ± 4.3	11.6 ± 5.6	0.138
Total Score	36.8 ± 21.2	14.6 ± 24.0	0.003*
Profile of Mood States
Tension/Anxiety	11.0 ± 10.4	4.8 ± 6.7	0.036*
Depression	9.0 ± 15.5	6.8 ± 13.8	0.635
Anger/Hostility	7.0 ± 10.2	2.8 ± 5.4	0.127
Vigor	10.1 ± 5.4	10.9 ± 8.5	0.773
Fatigue	14.8 ± 6.7	10.3 ± 7.6	0.031*
Confusion	11.5 ± 8.9	7.7 ± 7.1	0.056
Total Mood Disturbance	43.2 ± 51.9	21.5 ± 43.0	0.110
Brief Fatigue Inventory	5.8 ± 2.0	3.5 ± 2.7	0.009*
Whole-Body Fatigue Before and After Exercise
Pre-Exercise	3.2 ± 2.5	1.9 ± 2.6	0.060
Post-Exercise	5.2 ± 2.6	3.2 ± 2.5	0.026*
Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index	11.8 ± 3.7	9.8 ± 4.3	0.025*

Baseline and 12 month measures were compared using paired t tests. For vigor scores, a higher score indicates a more favorable outcome. For all other measures a lower score indicates a more favorable outcome.

^*Statistical significance based on p < 0.05 and Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate correction of 0.1.

SD, standard deviation; TBI, traumatic brain injury; GH, growth hormone.