Table 1.
Protein classes, subclasses, the protein domains falling under them and the functions of the domains.
| Protein class | Protein subclass | Protein domains | Functions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrolase | Nuclease/helicase | HNHc | For recombination, genome rearrangement, and virulence |
| IENR1 | Binds to DNA | ||
| YaeQ | Shows homology to transcription elongation protein | ||
| YqgFc | Role in recombination | ||
| HELICc | Recognize viral PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) | ||
| Protease | Pro-kuma_activ | Protein hydrolysis | |
| Tryp_SPc | Protein hydrolysis | ||
| Esterase | Lactamase_B | Ester hydrolysis Hydrolyse β-lactam antibiotics |
|
| Lipase | DDHD | Phospholipase and membrane trafficking activity | |
| acidPPc | Present in phosphatidate phosphatase | ||
| Glycosylase | UDG | Required for virus DNA replication | |
| PbH1 | Present in pectate lyases, and rhamnogalacturonases Involved in cytokinesis initiation |
||
| ChtBD3 | In virulence factors of viruses | ||
| CBM | In virulence factors of viruses, bacteria | ||
| Guanosine triphosphate | RAB | Role in vesicle trafficking across membranes | |
| RUN | Role in signaling pathways Role in regulation of cytoskeletal organization, autophagy, endocytosis, and endosomal maturation |
||
| Tubulin | Role in polymer formation | ||
| FtsZ | Role in cell division | ||
| EFh | Part of Ca2 + sensors maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis | ||
| ARF | Involved in post-Golgi vesicular transport | ||
| Transferases | – | PreSET | Detected in plant pollen allergens |
| G3P_acyltransf | Required for triacylglycerol biosynthesis Required for immune response of the host |
||
| CAT | Metabolize antibiotic chloramphenicol | ||
| CTD | Role in pre-mRNA processing | ||
| RPOL8c | Role in transcription Role in microRNA gene regulation |
||
| Kinases | – | KbaA | Role in sporulation |
| TPK_B1_binding | Required for the functions of transketolase and mitochondrial enzymes | ||
| TyrKc | Present in cell surface receptors | ||
| UBA | Plays role in inter- and intramolecular communications | ||
| HAMP | Relay signals for chemotaxis, pathogenesis, and biofilm formation | ||
| HWE_HK | Mediate environmental signaling | ||
| HisKA | A crucial sensor kinase in pathogens | ||
| Hr1 | Part of Rho effector or PKN enzyme Role in cytoskeletal organization and neuronal differentiation Helps bacteria to imbibe host fatty acids into their membrane phospholipids |
||
| YARHG | Binds to bacterial cell wall or its adjacent components as outer membrane lipid or lipopolysaccharide | ||
| Ligase and synthetases | – | APC2 | Regulates phase transition of mitosis |
| Citrate_ly_lig | Role in lipid biosynthesis Binds to DNA Role in tumor growth |
||
| DALR | Involved in autophagy and protein assembly | ||
| VKc | Role in blood coagulation | ||
| Protease inhibitors | – | WR1 | Inhibits certain proteins |
| Nucleic acid binding proteins | PWI | Binds to RNA as well as DNA | |
| ZnF_BED | Present in transposases | ||
| ZnF_A20 | Role in apoptosis and proteasomal degradation | ||
| ZM | Provides structural integrity to sarcomeres | ||
| TUDOR | Involved in RNA metabolism and interactions Modulates gene expression Biomarkers of cancer |
||
| Adhesion and immunity-related proteins | – | MHC_II_beta | Evoke immune response |
| Integrin_B_tail | Involved in cell adhesion | ||
| Flo11 | Mediates hyphal formation, invasive growth and plays role in inter-cellular communication | ||
| Excalibur | In bacterial surface proteins | ||
| SVWC | Role in immunity and diseases | ||
| TNFR | Role in growth factor and cytokine binding | ||
| TSP1 | Regulate cell interactions in vertebrates | ||
| SCPU | Present in spore coat protein, adhesive pili proteins and biofilm-forming proteins | ||
| SCP | Present in nematode secretome, insect allergen, and semen Play role in immune exacerbation and chronic condition |
||
| DISIN | Inhibit ligand-receptor association | ||
| Amb_V | Trigger immune reactions | ||
| C4 | Component of collagens | ||
| Cadherin_pro | Control synapses | ||
| CCP | Role in complement activation by pathogens | ||
| CHAD | Chelates metals | ||
| B_lectin | Can activate classical complement pathway | ||
| Cytoskeletal protein binding | – | ACTIN | Regulate cytoskeleton dynamics and cortical actin-assembly |
| PROF | Regulate cytoskeleton dynamics by binding to actin monomers | ||
| Robl_LC7 | Regulates dynein, a motor protein functions | ||
| MIT | Manipulate microtubules | ||
| Kelch | Mediates protein-protein interactions | ||
| GAS2 | Manipulates actin microfilaments, bind to microtubules and lead to cell division arrest | ||
| B41 | Attaches to host membrane and controls actin | ||
| DPBB | High homology to expansins and GH45 enzymes; Part of plant allergens | ||
| Lipid biosynthesis and metabolism | – | TLC | Role in ceramide synthesis, lipid regulation and neural processes |
| AAI | Forms a part of LTP (lipid transfer protein) protein, a plant allergen | ||
| PKS_KR PKS_TE |
Polyketide synthase enzymes | ||
| PLP | Role in stabilization of myelin sheaths and axonal survival | ||
| COLIPASE | Role in lipid metabolism | ||
| Transcriptional regulators and stress-related proteins | – | UreE_C | Role in urea hydrolysis |
| Skp1 | Role as transcription elongation factor Role in proteasomal degradation |
||
| FoP_duplication | Activation of estrogen receptor target genes | ||
| H4 | Manipulation of human IFN-β genes | ||
| HALZ | Role in protein-protein interactions | ||
| HTH_MARR | Part of transcriptional regulators Confers multiple antibiotic resistance |
||
| Cyclin_C | Important for cell cycle progression | ||
| Connexin_CCC | Regulates assembly, gating, and binding to regulatory proteins | ||
| BAG | Acts as co-chaperones | ||
| BTP | Part of histone-like transcription factors | ||
| BTAD | Role as transcription regulator | ||
| BRLZ | Role as transcription regulator | ||
| WHy | Plays role in adaptation to stress, including cold temperature, and desiccation | ||
| Membrane-associated proteins | – | LANC_like | Have immune defense role |
| OmpH | Highly pathogenic (from bacteria to plant pollens) | ||
| Bac_rhodopsin | Present in photoreceptors | ||
| 7TM_GPCR_Srsx | Present in pathogenic viruses | ||
| AAA | Part of ATPases; Play role in degradation of misfolded proteins, membrane quality control, membrane fusion, DNA replication | ||
| Hormone-like and signaling proteins | – | Knot1 | Have inhibitory, cytotoxic, antiviral or hormone-like activity |
| NH | Part of vasopressin/oxytocin | ||
| Galanin | Controls growth hormone, insulin, somatostatin, adrenal secretion, smooth muscle activity | ||
| IB | Part of growth factors | ||
| Elicitin | Sequesters human cholesterol; manipulates host signaling pathways | ||
| CT or CTCK | Part of growth factors | ||
| ACTH_domain | Present in corticotrophins | ||
| Amelin | Part of growth factors; regulates immune responses | ||
| DEP | Modulates signal transduction | ||
| DDRGK | Plays role in NF-kappaB signaling | ||
| CHASE | Plays role in perception of environmental changes | ||
| AgrB | Regulates the expression of virulence genes; Controls quorum-sensing | ||
| Other proteins | – | PRP | Malfunction can cause neural diseases |
| IGR | – | ||
| Antimicrobial21 | Exerts antimicrobial, and antifungal properties |