Table 1.

Types of electrospun nanomaterials based sensors.

Types	Materials	Array of fibers	Fiber diameter	Targets tested	Operating temperature (°C)	Detection limit
Acoustic wave	PVP/LiTaO328	Nonwoven	200–400 nm	H2	RT	1250 ppm
	PAA-PVA30	Nonwoven	100–400 nm	NH3	RT	50 ppm
	PAA32	Nonwoven	1–7 μm	NH3	RT	130 ppb
	PEI-PVA33	Nonwoven	100–600 nm	H2S	RT	500 ppb
	PAA22	Nonwoven	11–264 nm	H2O	RT	6%
	PEI-PVA34	Nonwoven	0.04–1.8 μm	HCHO	RT	10 ppm
Resistive	TiO219	Nonwoven	200–500 nm	NO2	150–400ºC	500 ppb
	TiO288	Nonwoven	120–850 nm	CO, NO2	300–400 °C	50 ppb
	LiCl-TiO240	Nonwoven	150–260 nm	H2O	RT	11%
	Mg2+,Na+-TiO289	Nonwoven	200 nm	H2O	RT	11%
	TiO2-ZnO83	Nonwoven	∼250 nm	O2	300ºC	5.1×10−3 Torr
	SnO290	Single	700 nm	H2O	RT	No data
		Nonwoven
	SnO246	Nonwoven	∼100 nm	C2H5OH	330ºC	10 ppb
	SnO239	Nonwoven	80–160 nm	Toluene	350ºC	10 ppm
	MWCNT/SnO291	Nonwoven	300–800 nm	CO	RT	47 ppm
	ZnO-SnO245	Nonwoven	100–150 nm	C2H5OH	300ºC	3 ppm
	Fe-SnO292	Nonwoven	60–150 nm	C2H5OH	300ºC	10 ppm
	KCl-SnO248	Nonwoven	100–200 nm	H2O	RT	11%
	ZnO-SnO247	Nonwoven	100–200 nm	Toluene	200–400ºC	10 ppm
	α-Fe2O393	Nonwoven	150–280 nm	C2H5OH	200–400ºC	100 ppm
	ZnO94	Nonwoven	80–235 nm	C2H5OH	220ºC	10 ppm
	Ag-In2O395	Nonwoven	60–130 nm	HCHO	115ºC	5 ppm
	PPy-TiO2/ZnO84	Nonwoven	100 nm	NH3	RT	60 ppb
	Pt/In2O396	Nonwoven	60–100 nm	H2S	140–300ºC	50 ppm
	WO397	Nonwoven	20–140 nm	NH3	350ºC	50 ppm
	SrTi0 Fe0.2O3-δ98	Nonwoven	∼100 nm	CH3OH	400º C	5 ppm
	TiO2-PEDOT36	Nonwoven	72–108 nm	NO2	RT	7 ppb
				NH3	RT	675 ppb
	HCSA-PANI/PEO50	Single	100–500 nm	NH3	RT	500 ppb
	PANI/PVP53	Nonwoven	1–10 μm	NO2	RT	1 ppm
	PDPA-PMMA55	Nonwoven	∼400 nm	NH3	RT	1 ppm
	PANI51	Nonwoven	0.3–1.5 μm	Amines	RT	100 ppm
	PMMA-PANI52	Nonwoven	250–600 nm	(C2H5)3N	RT	20 ppm
	HCSA-PANI54	Single	20–150 nm	Alcohols	RT	No data
	PEO-PANI99	Nonwoven	250–500 nm	H2O	RT	22%
	HCSA-POT/PS56	Nonwoven	0.2–1.9 μm	H2O	RT	No data
	MWCNT/nylon57	Nonwoven	110–140 nm	VOCs	RT	No data
	CB-PECH, PEO, PIB, PVP100	Oriented	∼3 μm	CH3OH	RT	1000 ppm
				C5H10Cl2		5 ppm
				C6H5CH3		250 ppm
				C2HCl3		500 ppm
Photoelectric	Au/SiO260	Nonwoven	130–170 nm	Wavelength	RT	No data
	Co-ZnO101	Nonwoven	50–400 nm	O2	RT	0.32 Torr
	GaN61	Nonwoven	32–48 nm	Wavelength	RT	No data
Optical	PAA-PM62	Nonwoven	100–400 nm	Fe3+, Hg2+, DNT	RT	No data
	Oxides-PAN65	Nonwoven	50–200 nm	CO2	RT	700 ppm
	PCDA64	Single	3 μm	α-CD	30° C	No data
Amperometric	GOx/PVA71	Nonwoven	70–250 nm	Glucose	RT	0.05 mM
	PVdF/PAPBA76	Nonwoven	∼150 nm	Glucose	RT	1 mM
	NiCFP73	Nonwoven	200–400 nm	Glucose	RT	1 μM
	PCNFs75	Nonwoven	90–140 nm	Glucose	RT	190 μM
	CuO74	Nonwoven	170 nm	Glucose	RT	80 μM
	Hemoglobin77	Nonwoven	∼2.5 μm	H2O2	RT	0.61 μM
				Nitrite		0.47 μM
	PVP/urease78	Nonwoven	∼100 nm	Urea	RT	0.5 mM

Abbreviations in Table 1: PAA (polyacrylic acid); PVA (polyvinyl alcohol); PEI (polyethyleneimine); HCSA (10-camphorsulfonic acid); PANI (polyaniline); PEO (polyethylene oxide); PDPA (polydiphenylamine); PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate); POT (poly(o-toluidine)); PS (polystyrene); MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nano-tube); PPy (polypyrrole); CB (carbon black); PECH (polyepichlorohydrin); PIB (polyisobutylene); PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone); PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)); PM (poly(pyrene methanol)); PAN (polyacrylonitrile); DNT (2,4-dinitrotoluene); PCDA (10,12-Pentacosadiynoic acid); α-CD (α-cyclodextrin); GOx (glucose oxidase); PVdF (poly(vinylidene fluoride); PAPBA poly(aminophenylboronic acid)); NiCFP (Ni nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofiber paste); PCNFs (Pd (IV)-doped CuO oxide composite nanofibers); VOC (volatile organic compound); H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide); RT (room temperature).