Table 1.
Summary of patient characteristics.
| All patients | Virus alone | Bacteria alone | Co-detection | Not detected | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 76 (100) | 8 (10.5) | 30 (39.5) | 9 (11.8) | 29 (38.2) | |
| Age⁎ | 71.5 (58.3–78.0) | 76.5 (69.5–78.0) | 67.5 (48.8–74.8) | 68.0 (64.0–77.0) | 73.0 (52.0–78.0) | NS |
| Male | 51 (67.1) | 4 (50.0) | 22 (73.3) | 5 (55.6) | 20 (69.0) | NS |
| Severe pneumonia (PSI class IV or V) | 39 (51.3) | 4 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 6 (66.7) | 14 (48.3) | NS |
| Wheezing | 20 (26.3) | 2 (25.0) | 8 (26.7) | 5 (55.6) | 5 (17.2) | NS |
| Respiratory failure | 51 (67.1) | 8 (100) a,b | 17 (56.7) a,c | 9 (100) c,d | 17 (58.6) b,d | <0.05 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 7 (9.2) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (6.9) | NS |
| (Invasive mechanical ventilation) | 5 (6.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (6.9) | NS |
| Mortality within 30 days# | 3/64 (4.7) | 0/8 (0) | 1/22 (4.5) | 1/8 (12.5) | 1/26 (3.8) | NS |
| Duration of respiratory failure (days) | 5.0 (0–10.0) | 7.0 (5.0–11.3) | 3.0 (0–8.8) | 7.0 (4.0–16.0) | 3.0 (0–10.0) | NS |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| White blood cell count, 106 cells/mL⁎ | 11.1 (7.9–15.4) | 7.7 (6.8–9.7) | 13.1 (9.0–15.3) | 9.4 (5.8–15.3) | 11.1 (8.6–15.6) | NS |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL⁎ | 11.4 (4.1–23.1) | 4.1 (2.8–11.3) | 13.0 (6.8–22.0) | 6.6 (2.7–20.2) | 17.1 (2.7–25.9) | NS |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL⁎ | 0.39 (0.09–2.46) | 0.13 (0.06–0.60) | 0.80 (0.11–2.84) | 0.29 (0.09–4.89) | 0.41 (0.11–0.94) | NS |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Asthma | 8 (10.5) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (10.0) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (3.4) | NS |
| COPD | 20 (26.3) | 2 (25.0) | 9 (30.0) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (24.1) | NS |
| Chronic heart disease | 18 (23.7) | 3 (37.5) | 5 (16.7) | 1 (11.1) | 9 (31.0) | NS |
| Immunodeficiency | 10 (13.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (22.2) | 6 (20.7) | NS |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (17.1) | 2 (25.0) | 6 (20.0) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (13.8) | NS |
| Malignancy | 4 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4) | NS |
| Other lung disease | 8 (10.5) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (13.8) | NS |
| Antimicrobials | ||||||
| Anti-bacterial drug | 22 (28.9) | 5 (62.5) e,f | 4 (13.3)e,g | 0 (0)f,h | 13 (44.8)g,h | <0.05 |
| Anti-influenza drug | 4 (5.3) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4) | NS |
Data are expressed as number (percentage) unless otherwise stated.
⁎
Data are expressed as median (IQR).
#
Data are expressed as number of deaths/n (percentage) and missing date was excluded. NS: not significant.
a
p=0.035: virus alone vs bacteria alone.
b
p=0.036: virus alone vs not detected.
c
p=0.018: co-detection vs bacteria alone.
d
p=0.036: co-detection vs not detected.
e
p=0.010: virus alone vs bacteria alone.
f
p=0.010: virus alone vs co-detection.
g
p=0.016: bacteria alone vs not detected.
h
p=0.010: co-detection vs not detected.