Table 1.

Parameter values used in the hybrid model. When not specified otherwise, the unit is week^− 1. Epidemiological parameter values are based on average data relevant to influenza from Dushoff et al. (2004), Mills et al. (2004), and Valleron et al. (2010).

Aspects	Parameter	Symbol	Value	Comments
Demography	Initial population size (individuals)	S	105	Variable in scenario C. ${\mathtt{N}}_{\text{sites}}$ × 105 for the entire metapopulation
Epidemiology	Effective contact rate	β	1.71	Varied in Section 3.2 (S.A. range: 1–7)
	Infectious duration	υ	1.11
	Immunity duration	${\text{d}}_{\text{r}}$	20	Varied in Section 3.2 (S.A. range: 20–50)
Spatial spread	Emigration rate	${\text{r}}_{\text{emigration}}$	0.01	Varied in Section 3.2 (S.A. range: 0.0–0.3)
	Number of sites	${\text{N}}_{\text{sites}}$	25	Exceptions: 18 in Fig. 6, and 30 in Fig. 7
Simulation	Delta time (DT) (time steps)	Δt	10− 2	SD equations solved by the Runge–Kutta (RK4) method