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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2020 Feb 9;106:1–21. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.006

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Protein expression changes in the tumor microenvironment. (a) In TME, normal fibroblasts (NF) turn into tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), with increased expression of (i-iii) α-SMA, (iv-vi) PDGF receptor, (vii-xii) MMPs and (xiii-xv) collagen. When NFs are co-cultured with MCF-7 tumor cells, expression of these factors also increase. Green: actin, red: proteins. Scale bars: 100 μm. Reproduced with permission from [38]. Copyright 2016 John Wiley and Sons. (b) Differential expression of some markers in non-tumorigenic (normal, MCF-10A) and malignant breast cancer (tumor, MDA-MB-231) cells. Expression of some markers (i) when MCF-10A cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions or stimulated with TGF-β1, and (ii, iii) when MCF-10A and MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated under various conditions. MG+: in Matrigel (normal environment), MG−: Matrigel-free (DCIS environment). Scale bars: 100 μm for MG− in image (ii), and 200 μm for other images. Reproduced with permission from [86]. Copyright 2018 Springer Nature.