Table 3. Associations of rosacea with skin care behaviors and subgroup analyses.
| Total patients | Neutral skin | Dry skin | Oily skin | Mixed skin | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P (adjusted Pa) | OR (95%CI) | P | OR (95%CI) | P | OR (95%CI) | P | OR (95%CI) | P | |
| Skin type | ||||||||||
| Neutral | 1 | |||||||||
| Dry | 6.751 (4.606–9.895) | <0.001 (<0.001) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Oily | 6.109 (4.153–8.986) | <0.001 (<0.001) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Mixed | 6.624 (4.629–9.480) | <0.001 (<0.001) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Skin care frequency | ||||||||||
| Hardly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 1 / day | 0.982 (0.567–1.7) | 0.947 (0.947) | N/Ab | 23.417 (1.664–329.48) | 0.019 | 0.548 (0.191–1.573) | 0.264 | 1.360 (0.518–3.572) | 0.533 | |
| 2 / day | 1.841 (1.052–3.221) | 0.032 (0.043) | N/Ab | 27.225 (1.915–387.025) | 0.015 | 1.825 (0.63–5.289) | 0.268 | 2.303 (0.839–6.319) | 0.105 | |
| ≥ 3 / day | 0.492 (0.202–1.194) | 0.117 (0.138) | N/Ab | 32.103 (1.571–656) | 0.024 | 0.780 (0.128–4.737) | 0.787 | 0.234 (0.045–1.218) | 0.084 | |
| Function of skin care products | ||||||||||
| Moisturizing | 0.602 (0.386–0.938) | 0.025 (0.035) | N/Ab | 0.019 (0.002–0.237) | 0.002 | 0.631 (0.284–1.399) | 0.257 | 0.674 (0.322–1.41) | 0.295 | |
| Anti-aging | 0.607 (0.396–0.929) | 0.022 (0.032) | 0.817 (0.206–3.237) | 0.773 | 0.803 (0.265–2.44) | 0.699 | 0.325 (0.092–1.142) | 0.080 | 0.569 (0.292–1.109) | 0.098 |
| Anti-allergy | 1.902 (1.297–2.788) | 0.001 (0.002) | 1.359 (0.338–5.458) | 0.666 | 1.479 (0.477–4.585) | 0.498 | 1.880 (0.801–4.41) | 0.147 | 2.537 (1.417–4.534) | 0.002 |
| Ways of buying products | ||||||||||
| Salon | 2.334 (1.435–3.796) | 0.001 (0.002) | 6.250 (1.589–24.585) | 0.009 | 4.437 (1.497–13.151) | 0.007 | 0.825 (0.168–4.056) | 0.813 | 2.222 (1.016–4.86) | 0.046 |
| Online | 0.551 (0.391–0.777) | 0.001 (0.002) | 0.278 (0.074–1.043) | 0.058 | 0.231 (0.074–0.724) | 0.012 | 0.408 (0.179–0.927) | 0.032 | 0.821 (0.5–1.347) | 0.435 |
| Direct selling | 0.516 (0.339–0.785) | 0.002 (0.003) | 0.457 (0.118–1.771) | 0.257 | 0.636 (0.239–1.692) | 0.365 | 0.237 (0.083–0.677) | 0.007 | 0.621 (0.302–1.274) | 0.195 |
| Cleansing frequency | ||||||||||
| Hardly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1~3 / week | 0.647 (0.429–0.975) | 0.038 (0.049) | 0.240 (0.058–0.996) | .049 | 0.576 (0.204–1.626) | 0.298 | 0.361 (0.148–0.882) | 0.025 | 0.887 (0.445–1.768) | 0.733 |
| 1 / day | 1.117 (0.783–1.592) | 0.542 (0.556) | 1.358 (0.443–4.16) | .592 | 1.684 (0.721–3.932) | 0.228 | 0.706 (0.328–1.52) | 0.374 | 1.023 (0.553–1.895) | 0.942 |
| ≥ 2 / day | 2.131 (1.394–3.256) | <0.001 (<0.001) | 2.472 (0.682–8.956) | .168 | 3.103 (1.110–8.677) | 0.031 | 1.493 (0.617–3.614) | 0.374 | 2.308 (1.102–4.835) | 0.027 |
| Type of cleansers | ||||||||||
| Foam | 1.450 (1.115–1.886) | 0.006 (0.01) | 3.752 (1.54–9.142) | 0.004 | 0.918 (0.457–1.84) | 0.809 | 2.255 (1.221–4.164) | 0.009 | 1.12 (0.741–1.692) | 0.59 |
| Facial mask frequency | ||||||||||
| Hardly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 / week | 0.874 (0.62–1.231) | 0.440 (0.477) | 1.166 (0.4–3.396) | 0.779 | 0.977 (0.4–2.388) | 0.959 | 1.153 (0.528–2.514) | 0.721 | 0.675 (0.387–1.176) | 0.165 |
| 2~3 / week | 1.460 (1.016–2.096) | 0.041 (0.051) | 0.494 (0.131–1.86) | 0.297 | 1.733 (0.699–4.298) | 0.235 | 2.267 (0.944–5.447) | 0.067 | 1.504 (0.865–2.615) | 0.148 |
| 4~5/ week | 3.069 (1.636–5.757) | <0.001 (<0.001) | 4.161 (0.528–32.777) | 0.176 | 23.001 (1.338–395.484) | 0.031 | 10.250 (2.567–40.926) | 0.001 | 1.644 (0.648–4.17) | 0.295 |
| ≥ 6/week | 2.560 (1.561–4.198) | <0.001 (<0.001) | 2.726 (0.458–16.231) | 0.271 | 6.826 (1.774–26.263) | 0.005 | 2.572 (0.804–8.223) | 0.111 | 1.968 (0.93–4.166) | 0.077 |
| Beauty salon frequency | ||||||||||
| Hardly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| ≤ 2 / month | 0.779 (0.532–1.142) | 0.201 (0.231) | 1.110 (0.322–3.823) | 0.869 | 0.751 (0.317–1.781) |
.516 | 0.481 (0.158–1.467) | 0.199 | 0.731 (0.407–1.31) | .292 |
| 3~4 / month | 1.929 (0.989–3.763) | 0.054 (0.066) | 0.523 (0.056–4.865) | 0.569 | 1.025 (0.172–6.098) | .978 | 4.091 (0.474–35.342) | 0.200 | 3.454 (1.256–9.5) | 0.016 |
| > 1 / week | 4.946 (2.005–12.198) | 0.001 (0.002) | 25.757 (1.902–348.864) | 0.015 | 5.502 (0.536–56.471) | .151 | 4.657 (0.442–49.076) | 0.200 | 2.703 (0.638–11.452) | .177 |
| Type of skin care in salon | ||||||||||
| Anti-aging | 0.199 (0.077–0.514) | 0.001 (0.002) | N/Ab | 0.368 (0.04–3.419) | 0.380 | 0.081 (0.009–0.751) | .027 | 0.229 (0.048–1.082) | .063 | |
| Oil-control | 2.554 (1.241–5.256) | 0.011 (0.017) | 2.510 (0.114–55.432) | 0.56 | 7.866 (0.361–171.275) |
0.189 | 7.149 (1.209–42.273) | .030 | 1.911 (1.692–5.278) | .211 |
| Frequency of make up | ||||||||||
| Hardly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1~2 / week | 0.813 (0.501–1.32) | 0.403 (0.45) | 0.320 (0.042–2.451) | 0.273 | 0.914 (0.297–2.818) | .876 | 0.613 (0.181–2.077) | .432 | 0.874 (0.425–1.796) | .0714 |
| 3~5 / week | 1.193 (0.718–1.938) | 0.495 (0.522) | 1.027 (0.217–4.861) | 0.974 | 0.159 (0.022–1.179) | .072 | 0.585 (0.155–2.207) | .429 | 2.520 (1.221–5.199) | 0.012 |
| ≥ 6 / week | 2.839 (1.962–4.018) | <0.001 (<0.001) | 2.422 (0.723–8.114) | 0.152 | 5.200 (2.073–13.048) | <0.001 | 1.331 (0.552–3.208) | .524 | 3.015 (1.651–5.508) | <0.001 |
| Frequency of using sunscreen cream | ||||||||||
| Hardly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1~2 / week | 0.507 (0.353–0.727) | <0.001 (<0.001) | 0.235 (0.044–1.253) | .090 | 0.712 (0.303–1.673) | 0.436 | 0.622 (0.277–1.394) | 0.249 | 0.297 (0.165–0.534) | <0.001 |
| 3~5 / week | 0.533 (0.328–0.867) | 0.011 (0.017) | 0.067 (0.008–0.595) | .015 | 0.842 (0.257–2.76) | 0.776 | 0.229 (0.057–0.922) | 0.038 | 0.498 (0.241–1.03) | 0.060 |
| ≥ 6 / week | 0.303 (0.209–0.44) | <0.001 (<0.001) | 0.343 (0.097–1.21) | .096 | 0.232 (0.085–0.632) | 0.004 | 0.391 (0.163–0.934) | 0.035 | 0.252 (0.144–0.442) | <0.001 |
aThe p-value was adjusted by Bonferroni correction.
b The number of these cases was so small that not fit for calculating the OR value.