Table 2. Salton Indexes for each MENA country's biomedical research papers from 2011–18 that are co-authored with one of 10 other leading countries.

	AE	EG	IR	JO	KW	LB	OM	QA	SA	TR
US	1.68	2.19	1.69	1.27	0.81	1.93	0.63	1.96	2.91	1.93
CN	0.55	0.93	0.56	0.27	0.23	0.39	0.45	0.74	1.52	0.60
UK	1.78	1.94	1.46	1.16	0.93	1.17	0.97	2.71	2.74	1.74
DE	1.10	2.32	1.21	0.86	0.50	0.79	0.83	1.45	1.91	1.94
JP	0.50	1.64	0.42	0.44	0.31	0.55	0.30	0.37	1.05	0.56
CA	1.36	1.31	1.49	0.87	0.86	1.36	0.69	1.32	2.54	0.84
IT	1.00	1.45	1.34	0.70	0.49	1.38	0.61	1.66	1.73	2.15
FR	1.00	1.30	0.96	0.46	0.44	3.47	0.61	1.84	1.57	1.73
AU	1.30	0.76	1.51	0.88	0.81	0.77	0.71	1.73	2.01	0.80
IN	1.47	1.35	0.90	0.56	0.43	0.59	1.61	1.20	4.56	0.88

US = United States, CN = China, UK = United Kingdom, DE = Germany, JP = Japan, CA = Canada, IT = Italy, FR = France, AU = Australia, ES = Spain, IN = India. Cells with values > 2 tinted pale green; cells with values < 0.5 tinted pale yellow.