Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 27.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Brain Res. 2019 Dec 5;252:169–216. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.10.006

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3

The Immune System in Human PD. PD is a disease of global dysfunction, with inflammation found in multiple tissues. Risk is conferred by specific genes, and modulated by certain anti-inflammatory treatments. Notable inflammatory markers are found throughout the brain, CSF, blood, gut, enteric nervous system, and microbiome.