Table 2.
Recombinant AMPs that reached advanced preclinical stages or are undergoing trials
| Name | Developer | Natural source | Target (prevented disease) | Status | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arenicin | Adenium Biotech (Copenhagen, Denmark) | Lugworm Arenicola marina | Multiresistant Gram-positive bacteria | Preclinical | [31] |
| Avidocin and purocin | AvidBiotics (San Francisco, CA, USA) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Gram-negative bacteria | Preclinical | [31] |
| IMX924 | Iminex (Coquitlam, BC, Canada) | Mammalian | Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria | Preclinical | [31] |
| Iseganan (IB-367) | Intrabiotics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Mountainview, CA, USA) | Pig leucocytes | Bacteria and fungi/chronic respiratory infections | Abandoned after Phase 2 clinical trials | [87] |
| MBI 594AN | Microbiologix Biotech (Vancouver, BC, Canada) | Chemically modified mammalian peptide | Propionibacterium acnes (acne) | Phase 2b clinical trial | [88] |
| Neuprex (rBPI21) | Xoma (US) LLC (Berkeley, CA, USA) | Vaccine against Hepatitis B virus | Neisseria meningitidis (severe meningococcemia) | Phase 3 clinical trial | [31] |
| Omiganen (MBI-226) | Microbiologix Biotech | Bovine neutrophils | Bacteria and fungi/bloodstream infections | Phase 3 clinical trial | [89] |
| P113 | Demegen (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) | Mammalian | Candida albicans (oral candidiasis) | Phase 1/2 clinical trial | [90] |
| Pexiganan (MSI-78) (magainin) | Magainin Pharmaceutical Inc., since renamed Genaera (Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA) | African clawed frog Xenopus laevis | Broad-spectrum activity against 3109 bacterial clinical isolates (diabetic foot ulcers) | Discontinued by showing same efficiency as other antibiotics | [91] |
| Plectasin | Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark) | Fungal (Pseudoplectania nigrella) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia) | Preclinical | [92] |
| XMP.629 | Xoma (US) LLC | Mammalian | P. acnes (acne) | Phase 2 clinical trial | [61] |