Table 2.

Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin reported in Kawasaki disease.

Mechanisms underlying disease	Mechanisms of IVIG
Production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17)	Reduction in inflammatory cytokine production 37, 59, 62
Neutrophil activation, migration and production of ROS, nitric oxide	Reduction of nitric oxide production from neutrophils [31]
Monocyte and macrophage activation	Reduction of the expression of FcγRI and FcγRIII on monocytes [6]
Decreased T regulatory cell/FoxP3 expression	Increase in regulatory T cells [63]

Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.