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Phytochemical and metabolic information on EF. (A) Seven major flavonoid molecules (1 = epimedoside A, 2 = hexandraside F, 3 = epimedin A, 4 = epimedin B, 5 = epimedin C, 6 = Icaritin and 7 = baohuoside-I) identified in Epimedium-derived flavonoids. The parent ring is 8-prenylkaempferol. R1 and R2 are substituted by glucose, rhamnose, or xylose, and R3 is replaced by methyl. (B) Epimedium-derived flavonoids with parent ring are metabolized in the intestine to Icaritin.
