Appendix 3.

Association Between Weakness and Time to Mortality for 1:1 Matching Using the Strong Cohort as the Reference.

	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
Weakness (Ref: Strong)	1.54	1.30, 1.83
White Race (Ref: Not-White)	1.35	0.80, 2.26
Black Race (Ref: Not-Black)	1.30	0.74, 2.30
Male (Ref: Not-Male)	1.67	1.40, 1.99
Age	0.93	0.90, 0.97
Body Mass Index	0.98	0.97, 1.00
Current Smoker (Ref: Non-Smoker)	1.55	1.12, 2.14
Previous Smoker (Ref: Non-Smoker)	1.38	1.15, 1.65
Cognitive Impairment (Ref: No Impairment)	1.85	1.33, 2.57
Stroke (Ref: No Stroke)	1.13	0.89, 1.44
Chronic Lung Disease (Ref: No Lung Disease)	1.11	0.90, 1.37
Heart Condition (Ref: No Heart Condition)	1.03	0.86, 1.23
Cancer (Ref: No Cancer)	1.11	0.90, 1.35
Diabetes (Ref: No Diabetes)	1.25	1.02, 1.53
ADL Disability (Ref: No ADL Disability)	1.49	1.24, 1.78
Arthritis (Ref: No Arthritis)	0.70	0.58, 0.86
Emotional or Psychiatric Diagnosis (Ref: No Diagnosis)	1.26	1.01, 1.58
Hospitalization (Ref: No Hospitalization)	1.49	1.26, 1.78
Nursing Home Stay (Ref: No Nursing Home)	1.12	0.78, 1.61
Self-Rated Health (Ref: Excellent)
Very Good	0.92	0.54, 1.55
Good	1.30	0.79, 2.15
Fair	1.49	0.90, 2.47
Poor	2.03	1.20, 3.45

Note: ADL=Activities of Daily Living, Ref=Reference.