Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of patients’ characteristics according to fall risk.
| Recurrent fallers |
p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall 885 (100.0%) |
No 662 (74.8%) |
Yes 223 (25.2%) |
|||
| Sex, n(%) | F | 483 (54.6) | 363 (54.8) | 120 (53.8) | 0.816 |
| M | 402 (45.4) | 299 (45.2) | 103 (46.2) | ||
| Age, mean(sd) | 71.3 (4.0) | 71.3 (4.0) | 71.5 (3.9) | 0.458 | |
| Living alone, n(%) | No | 674 (76.2) | 512 (77.3) | 162 (72.6) | 0.173 |
| Yes | 211 (23.8) | 150 (22.7) | 61 (27.4) | ||
| CES-D, median (IQR) | 4 (1 – 8) | 3 (1 – 7) | 5 (2 – 9) | 0.002 | |
| CES-D, n(%) | [0 – 1] | 260 (29.4) | 216 (32.6) | 44 (19.7) | < 0.001 |
| (1 – 11] | 528 (59.6) | 388 (58.6) | 140 (62.8) | ||
| (11 – 60] | 97 (11.0) | 58 (8.8) | 39 (17.5) | ||
| WOMAC-mean, median(IQR) | 3.2 (0.0 – 10.5) | 3.0 (0.0 – 10.0) | 4.8 (0.5 – 12.5) | 0.008 | |
| WOMAC-mean, n(%) | [0 – 3] | 438 (49.5) | 345 (52.1) | 93 (41.7) | 0.016 |
| (3 – 8] | 164 (18.5) | 121 (18.3) | 43 (19.3) | ||
| (8 – 68] | 283 (32.0) | 196 (29.6) | 87 (39.0) | ||
| PASE, median(IQR) | 129 (93 – 168) | 131 (93 – 170) | 126 (92 – 162) | 0.305 | |
| PASE, n(%) | [0 – 147] | 551 (62.2) | 403 (60.9) | 148 (62.3) | 0.257 |
| (147 – 230] | 274 (31.0) | 210 (31.7) | 64 (28.7) | ||
| > 230 | 60 (6.8) | 49 (7.4) | 11 (4.9) | ||
| Comorbidity, n(%) | [0 – 1] | 763 (86.2) | 583 (88.1) | 180 (80.7) | 0.009 |
| >1 | 122 (13.8) | 79 (11.9) | 43 (19.3) | ||
| Number of Drugs median(IQR) | 3 (2 – 5) | 3 (2 – 5) | 4 (2 – 5) | 0.116 | |
| Number of Drugs, n(%) | [0 – 4] | 604 (68.2) | 465 (70.2) | 139 (62.3) | 0.050 |
| [5 – 7] | 206 (23.3) | 148 (22.4) | 58 (26.0) | ||
| > 7 | 75 (8.5) | 49 (7.4) | 26 (11.7) | ||
| KOOS – QoL, median(IQR) | 75.0 (56.3 – 87.5) | 75.0 (62.5 – 87.5) | 68.8 (56.3 – 87.5) | 0.020 | |
| KOOS – QoL, n(%) | [0 – 63] | 332 (37.5) | 235 (35.5) | 97 (43.5) | 0.045 |
| (63 – 76] | 209 (23.6) | 155 (23.4) | 54 (24.2) | ||
| (76 – 100] | 344 (38.9) | 272 (41.1) | 72 (32.3) | ||
| BMI, n(%) | < 30 | 627 (70.9) | 480 (72.5) | 147 (65.9) | 0.073 |
| ≥ 30 | 258 (29.1) | 182 (27.5) | 76 (34.1) | ||
| MPI, mean(sd) | 0.40 (0.17) | 0.38 (0.16) | 0.46 (0.17) | < 0.001 | |
| MPI risk group, n(%) | Low (0–0.41) | 471 (53.2) | 389 (58.8) | 82 (36.8) | < 0.001 |
| moderate (0.42–0.67) | 362 (40.9) | 250 (37.8) | 112 (50.2) | ||
| severe (0.68–1.0) | 52 (5.9) | 23 (3.4) | 29 (13.0) | ||
Notes: p-values were referred to Fisher’s Exact test for frequencies, Mann-Whitney test for medians and t-Test for means.
Abbreviations: CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression; WOMAC: Western Ontario and Mc Master University; PASE: Physical Activity Scale for Elderly; KOOS: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; QoL: quality of life; BMI: body mass index; MPI: Multidimensional Prognostic Index