Table 1.
Gender Differences in Medication Adherence by Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Those with Primary Hypertension
| Variable | MEDA-T (n, %) | MEDA-M (n, %) | MEDA-W (n, %) | P-value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||||||||
| H | M | L | H | M | L | H | M | L | |||
| 30–45 | 6,24.0% | 12, 48.0% | 7, 28.0% | 2,22.2% | 4, 44.4% | 3, 33.3% | 4, 33.3% | 8, 10.5% | 4, 6.1% | 0.002 | |
| 46-60 | 9, 4.6% | 106,54.1% | 81,41.3% | 4, 4.3% | 53,57.0% | 36,38.7% | 5, 41.7% | 53,69.7% | 45,68.2% | ||
| >60 | 6, 7.6% | 32, 40.5% | 41,51.9% | 3, 6.8% | 17,38.6% | 24,54.5% | 3, 25.0% | 15,19.7% | 17,25.8% | ||
| Family size | |||||||||||
| 2 | 2, 14.3% | 5, 35.7% | 7, 0.0% | 0,0.0% | 2, 40.0% | 3, 60.0% | 2, 22.2% | 3, 33.3% | 4, 44.4% | 0.120 | |
| 3 | 3, 16.7% | 9, 50.0% | 6, 33.3% | 1,10.0% | 6, 60.0% | 3, 30.0% | 2, 25.0% | 3, 37.5% | 3, 37.5% | ||
| 4 | 6, 5.7% | 66, 62.3% | 34,32.1% | 2, 3.8% | 35,67.3% | 15,28.8% | 4, 7.4% | 31,57.4% | 19,35.2% | ||
| ≥5 | 10, 6.2% | 70, 43.2% | 82,50.6% | 6, 7.6% | 31,39.2% | 42,53.2% | 4, 4.8% | 39,47.0% | 40,48.2% | ||
| Number of children | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0, 0.0% | 9, 60.0% | 6, 40.0% | 0, 0.0% | 6, 60.0% | 4, 40.0% | 0, 0.0% | 3, 60.0% | 2, 40.0% | 0.000 | |
| 2 | 6, 6.5% | 65, 69.9% | 22,23.7% | 2, 4.4% | 33,73.3% | 10,22.2% | 4, 8.3% | 32,66.7% | 12,25.0% | ||
| 3 | 6, 7.7% | 33, 42.3% | 39,50.0% | 4,11.1% | 13,36.1% | 19,52.8% | 2, 4.8% | 20,47.6% | 20,47.6% | ||
| ≥4 | 9, 7.9% | 43, 37.7% | 62,54.4% | 3, 5.5% | 22,40.0% | 30,54.5% | 6, 10.2% | 21,35.6% | 32,54.2% | ||
| Educational status | |||||||||||
| Illit | 5, 3.9% | 48, 37.2% | 76,58.9% | 1, 2.3% | 14,32.6% | 28,65.1% | 4, 4.7% | 34,39.5% | 48,55.8% | <0.0001 | |
| Elem | 9, 19.1% | 13, 27.7% | 25,53.2% | 6,20.7% | 7, 24.1% | 16,55.2% | 3, 16.7% | 6, 33.3% | 9, 50.0% | ||
| High | 1, 3.2% | 13, 41.9% | 17,54.8% | 0, 0.0% | 8, 42.1% | 11,57.9% | 1, 8.3% | 5, 41.7% | 6, 50.0% | ||
| Dipl | 4, 10.8% | 28, 75.7% | 5, 13.5% | 2, 8.0% | 20,80.0% | 3, 12.0% | 2, 16.7% | 8, 66.7% | 2, 16.7% | ||
| Univ | 2, 3.6% | 48, 85.7% | 6, 10.7% | 0, 0.0% | 25,83.3% | 5, 16.7% | 2, 7.7% | 23,88.5% | 1, 3.8% | ||
| Medical Services Insurance | |||||||||||
| Yes | 21, 7.1% | 149,50.0% | 125,42.4% | 9,6.3% | 74,51.4% | 61,42.4% | 12, 7.9% | 75,49.7% | 64,42.4% | 0.236 | |
| No | 0, 0.0% | 1, 20.0% | 4, 80.0% | 0,0.0% | 0, 0.0% | 2,100.0% | 0, 0.0% | 1, 33.3% | 2, 66.7% | ||
| Family socio-economic status | |||||||||||
| Low | 0, 0.0% | 2, 11.1% | 16, 88.9% | 0,0.0% | 2, 22.2% | 7, 77.8% | 0, 0.0% | 0, 0.0% | 9,100.0% | <0.0001 | |
| Inter | 19, 8.7% | 100,45.7% | 100,45.7% | 9,8.8% | 45,44.1% | 48,47.1% | 10, 8.5% | 55,47.0% | 52,44.4% | ||
| High | 2, 3.2% | 48, 76.2% | 13, 20.6% | 0,0.0% | 27,77.1% | 8, 22.9% | 2, 7.1% | 21, 75.0 | 5, 17.9% | ||
Note: *p-values represent gender differences in MEDA by socio-demographic variables.
Abbreviations: Elem, elementary schooling; Dipl, diploma; High, high school; H/M/L indicates high, medium, and low adherence; Illit, illiterates; Inter, intermediate family socio-economic status; MEDA, medication adherence; M, men; Univ, University; W, women.