Fig. 3.
Cytophatic effects on HTR-8/SVneo cells. Live cell images were acquired at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h and 48 h after ZIKV MR766 strain incubation. Tratments were made with DMEM/F12 solution (Control), and with 100 μg mL−1 of chloroquine diphosphate 1 h after viral incubation or 10 μg mL-1 of whole fruit extract (STWFE) or peel extract (STPE) 1 h prior viral incubation. Arrow indentifies syncytium formation (A). Phalloidin staining (green) of polymerized F-actin, immnulocalization of ZIKV NS1 protein (red) and nuclei staining (blue) of HTR-8/SVneo cells control or infected with ZIKV MT766 or PE243 strains, after 2 h and 24 h incubation, showing reduced cellular confluence and shrinking cytoplasm of infected cells after 24 h infection with MR766 strain, and cell destruction with extracellular DNA and NS1 proteins after 24 h infection with PE243 strain. Inset demonstrates severe cellular degeneration (B). Scale bars in A represent 400 μm for 100 × magnifications. Scale bars in B represent 100 μm for 400 × magnifications and in the inset represents 50 μm for 1000 × magnification.