Table 10.
Quality of evidence using the GRADE criteria for 3 domains; risk of bias, indirectness and imprecision
|
GRADE criteria | |||||
| Ref. | Study design | Risk of bias, No, serious (-1), very serious (-2) | Indirectness, No, serious (-1), very serious (-2) | Imprecision, No, serious (-1), very serious (-2) | Quality of evidence, RCT (starts at high quality), Non-RCT (starts at low) |
| Al Saeed et al[42], 2015 | Retrospective data analysis | No | -1 | -1 | Very Low |
| Al-Amri et al[40], 2015 | Case-control study | -1 | No | -1 | Very low |
| Al-Eisa and Al-Sobayel[36], 2012 | Cross-sectional | -2 | -1 | -2 | Very low |
| Al-Habsi et al[32], 2015 | Cross-sectional | -1 | -1 | -1 | Very low |
| Al-Malki et al[38], 2003 | Cross-sectional | No | -1 | No | Very low |
| Al-Shammari et al[33], 2015 | Cross-sectional | -1 | -2 | -1 | Very low |
| Alabdulkarim et al[81], 2018 | Single-institute retrospective | No | No | -1 | Very low |
| Albawardi et al[27], 2017 | Cross-sectional | -1 | -1 | No | Very low |
| AlFaris et al[41], 2018 | Case-control and cross-sectional design | -1 | -1 | No | Very low |
| Alothaimeen et al[61], 2004 | Case-control | -2 | No | -1 | Very low |
| Alsaeed et al[43], 2017 | Retrospective cross-sectional | No | -1 | -1 | Very low |
| Bener et al[45], 2017 | Cross-sectional | -1 | No | No | Very low |
| Carter et al[34], 2004 | Cross-sectional | -1 | -1 | No | Very low |
| Elkum et al[39], 2014 | Case-control | No | No | No | Low |
| Khalid[37], 2007 | Cross-sectional | -1 | No | No | Very low |
| Rudat et al[44], 2012 | Retrospective epidemiological | No | No | -1 | Very low |
| Sayegh et al[35], 2016 | Retrospective data analysis | -1 | -1 | No | Very low |
Taken from GRADE handbook, available at https://gdt.gradepro.org/app/handbook/handbook.html.