Fig. 2.

The effect of activin-A concentrations on differentiation of iPSC toward DE. The iPSC was first differentiated into EB followed by treatment with 30, 50 and 70 ng/ml of activin-A, then pluripotency genes and DE-specific gens were evaluated. DE cells further differentiated into posterior foregut and endoderm-derived organ-specific genes were analyzed. Fold changes (log 10) of each treatment were compared with iPSCs. All error bars indicate standard error of mean (SEM) of three biological replicates. a Gene expression analyses of pluripotency genes (NANOG and OCT4) was performed at DE stage and 8th day of differentiation; b gene expression analyses of DE-specific genes (SOX17 and FOXA2) was performed at DE stage and 8th day of differentiation; c gene expression analyses of PDX1, NEUROG3 (NGN3), and PAX6 which play a role in endoderm-derived organs differentiation was performed at posterior foregut stage and 14th day of differentiation. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; NS not significant