Table 2.
Demographic and anthropometric parameters, blood pressure values and biochemical markers in prepubertal children with a history of prematurity and extra uterine growth restriction (EUGR group), those with prematurity without EUGR (PREM group) and healthy children born at term (Control group).
| Prepubertal data | EUGR group (N = 38) | PREM group (N = 50) | Control group (N = 123) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 9.00a (3.00, 13.00) | 7.50b (4.00, 12.00) | 9.00a (6.00, 12.00) | <0.001 |
| Sex male | 27a (71.05) | 26b (52.00) | 59b (47.97) | <0.050 |
| BMI Z-score | −0.64a (−2.31, 1.75) | −0.41ab (−2.01, 3.52) | −0.19b (−1.18, 0.81) | 0.012 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 57.50a (43.50, 83.00) | 59.00a (46.00, 88.00) | 58.00a (22.50, 90.00) | 0.367 |
| Delay weight-height | 5.00 (13.16)a | 2.00 (4.00)b | 0.00 (0.00)c | <0.001 |
| Delay weight | 8 (21.00)a | 3 (6.00)b | 0 (0.00)c | <0.001 |
| Delay height | 9 (24.00)a | 2 (4.00)b | 0 (0.00)c | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 114.00a (86.00, 138.00) | 101.50b (62.00, 129.00) | 90.00c (48.00, 119.00) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.50a (38.00, 89.00) | 58.00b (34.00, 75.00) | 59.00b (35.00, 84.00) | <0.001 |
| HDLc (mmol/l) | 1.46a (0.32) | 1.38a (0.30) | 1.72b (0.32) | <0.001 |
| LDLc (mmol/l) | 2.43ab (0.54) | 2.70a (0.51) | 2.37b (0.64) | 0.010 |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.21a (0.62) | 4.41a (0.61) | 4.39a (0.69) | 0.314 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 0.60a (0.33, 1.60) | 0.64a (0.38, 2.29) | 0.64a (0.24, 1.21) | 0.514 |
| GGT (IU/l) | 13.00a (7.00, 29.00) | 14.00a (9.00, 24.00) | 11.00b (6.00, 23.00) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.91a (3.88, 6.27) | 4.66b (3.77, 5.72) | 4.61b (3.61, 5.77) | <0.050 |
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 32.95a (11.46, 113.17) | 47.28b (18.62, 187.67) | 35.81a (10.74, 150.42) | <0.050 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.02ab (0.29, 3.59) | 1.32a (0.50, 5.63) | 1.04b (0.26, 5.03) | 0.011 |
Data are expressed as number (percentage) for sex, weight delay, height delay and weight-height delays; as mean (SD) for HDLc, LDLc and TC; and as median (IQR) for the rest of variables.
Values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (p < 0.05), with the P-values expressed.
Statistical significance obtained by analysis of variance, Student's t-test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests (continuous variables) or chi-square test (proportions).
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment Index; IQR, interquartile range.