TABLE 2.

Bacteria, fungi, and enzymes associated with polyethylene (PE) biodegradation.

Strain/Enzyme	Isolated source	Tested PE	Incubation time, d	Weight loss, %	Molecular weight	Degradation products	References
Rhodococcus ruber C208	Soil of disposal site	LDPE film	30	4	–	–	Orr et al., 2004
Bacillus sphericus Alt; Bacillus cereus BF20	Marine water	LDPE film	180	2.5–10	–	–	Sudhakar et al., 2008
Arthrobacter sp. GMB5; Pseudomonas sp. GMB7	Plastic waste dumpsites	HDPE film	30	12–15	–	–	Balasubramanian et al., 2010
Pseudomonas sp. E4	Soil	LMWPE	80	–	–	–	Yoon et al., 2012
Pseudomonas sp. AKS2	Waste dumping soil	LDPE film	45	5	–	–	Tribedi and Sil, 2013
Bacillus subtilis H1584	Marine water	LDPE film	30	1.75	–	–	Harshvardhan and Jha, 2013
Enterobacter asburiae YT1; Bacillus sp. YP1	Gut of waxworm	LDPE film	60	6–11	Decreased	Detected	Yang et al., 2014
Serratia marcescens	Ground soil	LLDPE film	70	36	–	–	Azeko et al., 2015
Achromobacter xylosoxidans	Soil	HDPE film	150	9.38	–	–	Kowalczyk et al., 2016
Zalerion maritimum	Marine environment	PE pellets	28	–	–	–	Paço et al., 2017
Phormidium lucidum; Oscillatoria subbrevis	Domestic sewage water	LDPE film	42	–	–	–	Sarmah and Rout, 2018
Alcanivorax borkumensis	Mediterranean Sea	LDPE film	7	3.5	–	–	Delacuvellerie et al., 2019
manganese peroxidase	Phanerochaete chrysosporium	PE film	12	–	Decreased	–	Iiyoshi et al., 1998
soybean peroxidase	Soybean	HDPE film	2 h	–	–	–	Zhao et al., 2004
laccase	Rhodococcus ruber C208	LDPE film	30	2.5	Decreased	–	Santo et al., 2013
alkB gene	Pseudomonas sp. E4	LMWPE sheet	80	19.3	–	–	Yoon et al., 2012
alkB1, alkB2 gene	Pseudomonas aeruginosa E7	LMWPE film	50	19.6–27.6	–	–	Jeon and Kim, 2016a