TABLE 5.
Bacteria, fungi, and enzymes associated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) biodegradation.
| Strain/Enzyme | Isolated source | Tested PVC | Incubation time, d | Weight loss,% | Molecular weight | Degradation products | References |
| Alternaria sp. TOF-46 | Japanese bathrooms | Plasticized PVC rim | 180 | – | – | – | Moriyama et al., 1993 |
| Poliporus versicolor; Pleurotus sajor caju | Lignocellulosic waste | PVC film | 30 | – | – | Detected | Klrbas et al., 1999 |
| Aureobasidium pullulans | Leaf/wood surfaces | Plasticized PVC | 7 | – | – | – | Webb et al., 1999 |
| Aspergillus niger | PVC wires | Plasticized PVC film | 365 | – | – | – | Gumargalieva et al., 1999 |
| Aureobasidium pullulans | Atmosphere | Plasticized PVC film | 42 | 3.7 | – | – | Webb et al., 2000 |
| Penicillium janthinellum | PVC buried in soil | Plasticized PVC sheet | 300 | – | – | – | Sabev et al., 2006 |
| Mycobacterium sp. NK0301 | Garden soil | Plasticized PVC film | 3 | – | – | Detected | Nakamiya et al., 2005 |
| Chryseomicrobium imtechense; Lysinibacillus fusiformis; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; Stenotrophomonas pavanii | Landfill leachate | Plasticized PVC curtain | 34 | – | – | – | Latorre et al., 2012 |
| Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Lentinus tigrinus; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus sydowii | PVC film buried in soil | PVC film | 300 | – | Decreased | Detected | Ali et al., 2014 |
| Acanthopleurobacter pedis; Bacillus cereus; Pseudomonas otitidis; Bacillus aerius; | Plastic disposal sites | PVC film | 90 | – | Decreased | Detected | Anwar et al., 2016 |
| Bacillus sp. AIIW2 | Marine | Un-plasticized PVC film | 90 | 0.26 | – | Detected | Kumari et al., 2019 |
| Phanerocheate chrysosporium | Plastic disposal site | PVC film | 28 | 31 | – | Detected | Khatoon et al., 2019 |
| Pseudomonas citronellolis | Soil | Plasticized PVC film | 45 | 13 | Decreased | – | Giacomucci et al., 2019 |