FIGURE 2.

P. viticola effectors triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. (A) Photographs of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to infiltration with agrobacterium carrying PVX-effectors at 4 days post-infiltration. Leaves infiltrated with the empty vector control (GFP) or positive control (INF1) is shown as reference. The experiment was repeated at least three times; representative results are shown. (B) Electrolyte (ion) leakage from infiltrated tissue at 4 days post-infiltration. Values were determined from three independent repetitions. Error bars indicate SE, with asterisk indicating significant difference from the empty vector control (GFP). Data are means ± SE based on three independent replicates, each including 10 individual leaves. (^∗ indicate P < 0.05 in one-way ANOVA, using Turky HSDa test).