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. 2020 Apr 21;11:692. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00692

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Subcellular localization of Plasmopara viticola RxLR effectors. Effector-GFP fusion proteins or GFP were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Fluorescences accumulation of GFP and m-Cherry were analyzed by confocal microscopy, and excited at 488 nm and 561 nm, respectively. (A) Pie chart indicating the subcellular localization distribution for 26 effectors. (B) Subcellular localization of three representative effectors in N. benthamiana protoplasts: cytoplasm and plasma membrane (PvAVH1), the nucleus and cytoplasm (PvAVH54804), and nuclear specific (PvAVH53). Effectors-GFP fusion proteins and GFP were transiently expressed in N. benthamiana protoplasts following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation of the protoplasts. Photographs were taken 20–24 h after transformation. Scale bars = 25 μm. (C) Four sub-nuclear localization patterns observed for RxLR proteins (PvAVH71, 35, 133, and 67). Photographs were taken 72 h after infiltration. Scale bars = 5 μm.