Table S1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of SLE patients.
| Characteristics | SLE, n=57 | Non-NPSLE, n=31 | NPSLE, n=26 | HC, n=30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Sex (female/male) | 50/7 | 25/6 | 25/1 | 24/6 |
| Age, yrs | 37.8±2.5 | 37.7±2.3 | 38.0±2.7 | 34.7±1.5 |
| Current smoking habit (%) | 7.3 | 10.1 | 4.0 | 16.7 |
| Age at onset, yrs | 33.5±2.6 | 33.2±2.5 | 33.8±2.8 | – |
| Disease duration, month | 54.3±10.4 | 53.7±8.8 | 55.1±12.4 | – |
| SLEDAI | 11.8 ±0.9 | 10.7±0.8 | 13.2±0.9 | – |
| Clinical chart review (%) | – | |||
| Arthritis | 52.6 | 54.8 | 50.0 | – |
| Malar rash | 40.3 | 38.7 | 42.3 | – |
| Discoid lesions | 10.5 | 9.6 | 11.5 | – |
| Photosensitivity | 22.8 | 25.8 | 19.2 | – |
| Oral ulcers | 12.3 | 12.9 | 11.5 | – |
| Pericarditis | 31.6 | 32.3 | 30.7 | – |
| Pleuritis | 21.0 | 22.5 | 19.2 | – |
| Proteinuria | 56.2 | 64.5 | 46.2 | – |
| Leuco/erythrocyturia | 28.1 | 32.3 | 23.1 | – |
| Thrombopenia | 35.1 | 38.7 | 30.8 | – |
| Leucopenia | 26.3 | 29.0 | 23.1 | – |
| Fever | 66.6 | 64.5 | 69.2 | – |
| History of consciousness disorder | 14.0 | 0 | 30.8 | – |
| History of dizziness and headache | 21.0 | 6.4 | 38.5 | – |
| History of unstable walking | 5.2 | 0.0 | 11.5 | – |
| History of convulsion | 10.5 | 0.0 | 23.1 | – |
| History of unclear vision | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.9 | – |
| History of reynold phenomenon | 8.7 | 9.6 | 7.7 | – |
| History of weak limbs | 31.6 | 29.0 | 34.6 | – |
| History of limb numbness | 17.6 | 19.4 | 15.4 | – |
| History of urinary retention | 1.7 | 0 | 3.8 | – |
| Autoantibodies | ||||
| Anti-nuclear antibody | 89.5 | 90.3 | 88.5 | – |
| Anti-SSA antibody | 67.9 | 70.0 | 65.4 | – |
| Anti-SSB antibody | 17.6 | 19.4 | 15.4 | – |
| Anti-ds-DNA | 45.6 | 48.4 | 42.3 | – |
| Anti-Sm antibody | 40.3 | 38.7 | 42.3 | – |
| Anti-cardiolipin antibody | 17.8 | 12.9 | 23.7 | – |
| Anti-ribonucleoprotein antibody | 36.9 | 35.5 | 38.5 | – |
| Anti-histone antibody | 43.9 | 41.9 | 46.2 | – |
| Anti-ribosomal P antibody | 19.3 | 19.4 | 19.2 | – |
| Anti-nucleosome antibody | 36.8 | 38.7 | 34.6 | – |
| Current medication (%) | ||||
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 75.4 | 64.5 | 88.4 | – |
| Antidepressant | 17.6 | 12.9 | 23.1 | – |
| Benzodiazepine | 7.0 | 3.2 | 11.5 | – |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 80.7 | 83.9 | 76.9 | – |
| Immunosuppressant | 70.2 | 64.5 | 76.9 | – |
| Prednisone | 94.7 | 90.3 | 100.0 | – |
SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, SLE disease activity index; yrs, years; NPSLE, neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus; Non-NPSLE, active SLE patients had never experienced neuropsychiatric manifestations; HC, heathy controls.