Table 1. Main pathways involved in HSCs activation.

Cells	Molecules
Hepatocytes	CTGF
KCs	PDGFβ
T Cells	TGFβ
DCs	VEGF
Neutrophils	Interleukins and TNF-α
Adipocytes	Leptin and adiponectin
	PAMPs (TLR)
	DAMPs
	ROS

KCs, Kupffer cells; DCs, dendritic cells; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; PDGFβ, platelet-derived growth factor β; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; TLR, Toll-like receptor; DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; ROS, reactive oxygen species.