Table 2. Years lived with disability (YLDs), age-standardized YLD rate (per 100,000 persons) and rank (in all causes) of low back pain in 1990 and 2017, by region and sex.

Regions	Gender	YLDs (1,000s)									Age-standardized YLD rate (per 100,000 persons)									Rank**
		1,990				2,017			Difference*		1,990				2,017			Difference*		1,990	2,017
		Mean	LUI	UUI		Mean	LUI	UUI			Mean	LUI	UUI		Mean	LUI	UUI
Andean Latin America	Male	123	88	165		262	186	165	140		844	607	1,140		904	644	1,215	60		1	1
	Female	125	89	169		259	184	169	135		815	584	1,100		865	615	1,163	50		2	1
	Both	247	176	337		522	371	337	274		829	595	1,113		884	630	1,183	55		1	1
Australasia	Male	127	90	172		202	145	172	75		1,170	830	1,580		1,198	863	1,628	29		1	1
	Female	153	109	206		250	179	206	97		1,345	957	1,810		1,406	1,006	1,889	61		1	1
	Both	280	200	377		453	324	377	173		1,259	898	1,702		1,304	937	1,759	45		1	1
Caribbean	Male	90	64	123		138	99	123	48		584	415	793		576	414	776	−8		1	2
	Female	108	78	146		166	120	146	58		672	484	904		657	475	872	−15		3	2
	Both	198	142	269		304	219	269	105		629	452	851		618	446	830	−11		3	3
Central Asia	Male	259	187	349		400	286	349	140		993	716	1,332		973	698	1,307	−20		1	1
	Female	301	216	407		450	321	407	149		990	705	1,324		985	706	1,327	−5		2	1
	Both	560	404	752		850	607	752	290		993	712	1,330		979	704	1,314	−13		1	1
Central Europe	Male	864	616	1,170		966	694	1,170	101		1,311	939	1,762		1,306	934	1,755	−5		2	1
	Female	997	708	1,343		1,139	825	1,343	142		1,341	959	1,805		1,343	963	1,801	2		1	1
	Both	1,861	1,319	2,505		2,104	1,530	2,505	243		1,329	949	1,787		1,328	949	1,772	−1		1	1
Central Latin America	Male	317	225	432		633	453	432	316		511	368	695		521	374	707	9		2	2
	Female	471	334	637		902	643	637	431		705	503	952		681	485	928	−24		2	2
	Both	788	559	1,066		1,535	1,096	1,066	747		611	437	828		604	430	818	−7		2	2
Central Sub-Saharan Africa	Male	165	118	227		391	279	227	226		961	691	1,293		977	696	1,310	16		3	1
	Female	151	108	204		354	251	204	203		840	608	1,125		857	620	1,150	17		5	3
	Both	317	226	434		746	532	434	429		898	648	1,201		917	658	1,230	19		4	1
East Asia	Male	2,719	1,936	3,735		3,316	2,342	3,735	597		456	324	620		366	259	494	−90		1	4
	Female	3,478	2,445	4,696		4,394	3,134	4,696	916		623	437	837		471	336	633	−152		2	3
	Both	6,197	4,397	8,384		7,709	5,453	8,384	1,513		539	381	730		419	300	565	−120		1	3
Eastern Europe	Male	1,356	971	1,840		1,321	950	1,840	−35		1,212	873	1,639		1,095	783	1,482	−117		1	1
	Female	1,814	1,318	2,432		1,767	1,288	2,432	−47		1,206	864	1,615		1,115	804	1,498	−91		1	1
	Both	3,170	2,305	4,274		3,089	2,236	4,274	−82		1,208	868	1,622		1,106	793	1,497	−102		1	1
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa	Male	499	356	678		1,125	801	678	626		894	645	1,202		934	674	1,265	40		3	1
	Female	396	284	535		892	635	535	496		707	511	946		731	526	988	23		5	4
	Both	895	642	1,215		2,017	1,437	1,215	1,122		799	577	1,070		830	599	1,120	31		3	2
High-income Asia Pacific	Male	1,007	717	1,368		1,489	1,067	1,368	481		1,060	754	1,444		1,166	829	1,600	106		1	1
	Female	1,535	1,091	2,090		1,930	1,378	2,090	395		1,530	1,091	2,091		1,567	1,117	2,126	37		1	1
	Both	2,543	1,811	3,441		3,419	2,423	3,441	876		1,294	923	1,758		1,361	970	1,863	67		1	1
High-income North America	Male	1,581	1,131	2,124		2,171	1,554	2,124	589		1,054	756	1,424		988	709	1,313	−66		1	1
	Female	2,105	1,510	2,820		2,801	2,027	2,820	695		1,270	910	1,707		1,191	858	1,572	−79		1	1
	Both	3,687	2,635	4,931		4,972	3,590	4,931	1,285		1,167	837	1,575		1,091	786	1,445	−75		1	1
North Africa and Middle East	Male	1,281	916	1,734		2,822	2,014	1,734	1,541		971	698	1,308		972	699	1,308	2		1	2
	Female	1,442	1,030	1,934		3,062	2,197	1,934	1,620		1,162	833	1,546		1,155	825	1,555	−6		2	2
	Both	2,723	1,953	3,685		5,884	4,211	3,685	3,161		1,064	763	1,430		1,062	761	1,429	−3		1	1
Oceania	Male	16	11	22		35	25	22	19		649	461	883		678	488	910	29		2	2
	Female	17	12	23		38	27	23	21		754	541	1,023		785	563	1,045	32		3	3
	Both	33	23	45		74	53	45	41		700	500	952		730	524	980	30		3	3
South Asia	Male	2,774	1,987	3,769		4,547	3,239	3,769	1,773		633	457	848		553	397	746	−79		2	2
	Female	3,236	2,315	4,363		6,248	4,454	4,363	3,012		812	581	1,085		771	553	1,028	−41		3	3
	Both	6,010	4,291	8,156		10,795	7,689	8,156	4,785		718	514	961		661	476	889	−56		3	3
Southeast Asia	Male	1,448	1,033	1,964		2,758	1,983	1,964	1,310		816	588	1,101		843	605	1,125	27		1	1
	Female	1,554	1,112	2,102		2,911	2,096	2,102	1,357		832	592	1,116		849	611	1,131	17		2	1
	Both	3,002	2,146	4,061		5,669	4,078	4,061	2,668		825	589	1,109		847	610	1,128	22		1	1
Southern Latin America	Male	292	209	402		473	336	402	181		1,263	904	1,736		1,367	972	1,847	104		1	1
	Female	340	243	465		543	392	465	203		1,351	962	1,848		1,438	1,027	1,949	87		1	1
	Both	632	453	866		1,016	724	866	384		1,309	941	1,786		1,404	1,002	1,896	95		1	1
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa	Male	158	113	214		256	183	214	98		885	635	1,197		791	565	1,060	−93		1	2
	Female	127	90	170		214	154	170	87		648	468	872		593	428	795	−56		5	5
	Both	285	204	385		470	336	385	186		762	549	1,026		688	498	919	−74		1	3
Tropical Latin America	Male	738	527	1,012		1,402	1,002	1,012	664		1,154	824	1,567		1,227	872	1,662	73		1	1
	Female	877	625	1,191		1,521	1,088	1,191	644		1,310	936	1,775		1,246	891	1,679	−65		1	1
	Both	1,615	1,149	2,215		2,924	2,085	2,215	1,308		1,235	885	1,675		1,237	884	1,670	2		1	1
Western Europe	Male	2,754	1,960	3,733		3,302	2,383	3,733	548		1,269	901	1,730		1,229	872	1,676	−39		1	1
	Female	3,555	2,533	4,801		4,273	3,085	4,801	718		1,478	1,051	2,000		1,479	1,051	2,011	0		1	1
	Both	6,309	4,513	8,491		7,575	5,476	8,491	1,266		1,379	983	1,870		1,356	964	1,851	−23		1	1
Western Sub-Saharan Africa	Male	642	464	867		1,459	1,039	867	817		971	704	1,307		1,024	733	1,384	53		2	2
	Female	530	379	709		1,363	972	709	834		838	605	1,120		906	641	1,210	68		4	3
	Both	1,172	839	1,575		2,822	2,015	1,575	1,650		906	653	1,207		962	684	1,292	57		3	2
Globally	Male	19,210	13,729	26,153		29,467	21,020	26,153	10,257		813	580	1,094		748	538	1,008	−65		1	1
	Female	23,313	16,598	31,184		35,479	25,357	31,184	12,167		966	687	1,293		869	624	1,165	−97		1	1
	Both	42,523	30,176	57,224		64,947	46,512	57,224	22,424		892	637	1,195		810	582	1,089	−82		1	1

*, difference: calculated by subtracting the 1990 YLDs/age-standardized YLD rate from the 2017 YLDs/age-standardized YLD rate. **, rank: the rank of the number of YLDs caused by LBP compared to all other conditions in GBD 2017. LUI, lower uncertainty interval; UUI, upper uncertainty interval.