Table 4.
Details about patients’ adherence.
| Adherence type and study | Population (n) | Descriptiona | Effectb | SMDc (95% CI) | |
| Adherence to instructions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wang [22] | Colonoscopy (392) | Purgative and dietary instructions for bowel preparation (CR) | + | SMD could not be calculatedd |
|
|
Jeon [24] | Colonoscopy (281) | Purgative and dietary instructions for bowel preparation (PR) | + | SMD could not be calculatede |
|
|
Jeon [24] | Colonoscopy (281) | Clinical Bowel Preparation score (CR) | + | 0.28 (0.05 to 0.52) |
|
|
Sharara [28] | Colonoscopy (160) | Purgative and dietary instructions for bowel preparation (PR) | = | SMD could not be calculatedd |
|
|
Sharara [28] | Colonoscopy (160) | Clinical Bowel Preparation score (CR) | = | 0.12 (–0.19 to 0.43) |
|
|
Kang [9] | Colonoscopy (650) | Purgative and dietary instructions for bowel preparation (CR) | + | 0.51 (0.37 to 0.66) |
|
|
Lorenzo-Zuniga [18] | Colonoscopy (260) | Purgative and dietary instructions for bowel preparation (CR) | = | 0.16 (–0.08 to 0.42) |
|
|
Mata [19] | Colorectal surgery (97) | Postoperative recovery elements (eg, mobilization) (PR) | = | –0.13 (–0.52 to 0.26) |
|
|
Alanzi [27] | Diabetes mellitus (92) | Self-efficacy in diabetes mellitus | + | 0.78 (0.36 to 1.21) |
|
|
Najafi Ghezeljeh [26] | Hypertension (100) | Hypertension self-management (PR) | + | 6.78 (5.34 to 8.21) |
| Adherence to medication |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lakshminarayana [15] | Parkinson disease (158) | Parkinson disease drug adherence (PR) | + | 0.37 (0.05 to 0.68) |
|
|
Guo [25] | Atrial fibrillation (209) | Anticoagulation drug adherence (PR) | + | SMD could not be calculatede |
|
|
Johnston [17] | Myocardial infarction (174) | Anticoagulation drug adherence (PR) | = | SMD could not be calculatedd |
|
|
Johnston [17] | Myocardial infarction (174) | Missed medication doses (PR) | + | 0.14 (–0.16 to 0.46) |
aItems were either clinician reported (CR) or patient reported (PR).
bEffects were in favor of the intervention group (+) or there were no effects (=). No study had effects in favor of the control group (–).
cSMD: standardized mean difference.
dNo SD available (only average and P value).
eNonnormal distributed data.