Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Variable | Intention-to-treat | Per-protocol | ||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=53) | Intervention (n=55) | P valuea | Control (n=51) | Intervention (n=50) | P valuea | |
| Gender, n (%) |
|
|
.30 |
|
|
.37 | ||
|
|
Male | 36 (68) | 32 (58) |
|
35 (69) | 30 (60) |
|
|
|
|
Female | 17 (32) | 23 (42) |
|
16 (31) | 20 (40) |
|
|
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
.21 |
|
|
.15 | ||
|
|
Chinese | 41 (77) | 42 (76) |
|
39 (77) | 39 (78) |
|
|
|
|
Malay | 9 (17) | 6 (11) |
|
9 (18) | 5 (10) |
|
|
|
|
Indian | 0 (0) | 4 (7) |
|
0 (0) | 4 (8) |
|
|
|
|
Others | 3 (6) | 3 (6) |
|
3 (6) | 2 (4) |
|
|
| Diabetes, n (%) | 19 (36) | 11 (20) | .66 | 18 (35) | 10 (20) | .09 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 40 (76) | 39 (71) | .59 | 40 (78) | 37 (74) | .60 | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 37 (70) | 38 (69) | .94 | 37 (73) | 36 (72) | .95 | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 46.2 (10.1) | 46.8 (11.1) | .76 | 46.1 (10.3) | 46.2 (11.0) | .96 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 86.1 (19.4) | 81.5 (15.2) | .17 | 86.6 (19.6) | 82.0 (15.7) | .20 | ||
| BMIb (kg/m2) | 30.8 (4.8) | 30.1 (4.0) | .04 | 30.9 (4.8) | 30.1 (4.1) | .37 | ||
| Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 101.7 (11.4) | 98.6 (9.0) | .14 | 101.9 (11.6) | 98.9 (10.2) | .17 | ||
| ALTc (IU/L), mean (SD) | 78.1 (46.7) | 75.6 (43.3) | .77 | 75.3 (40.9) | 76.8 (41.8) | .85 | ||
| ASTd (IU/L), mean (SD) | 50.1 (28.8) | 49.1 (28.4) | .86 | 48.6 (26.2) | 48.6 (25.7) | >.99 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 135 (12) | 134 (14) | .72 | 140 (10) | 141 (10) | .58 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 76 (9) | 75 (11) | .46 | 78 (10) | 79 (10) | .67 | ||
aChi square or independent samples t test as appropriate.
bBMI: body mass index.
cALT: alanine aminotransferase.
dAST: aspartate aminotransferase.