Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Number of biotic interactions by trophic level and range‐limit position reported by 92 of 290 studies (32%) included in the integrative review
| Trophic level | Range limit | Competition | Predation/parasitism |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carnivore | High | 6 | 0 |
| Low | 19 | 0 | |
| Herbivore | High | 6 | 18 |
| Low | 10 | 37 |
